Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Major and Minor Criteria of Heart Mizaj (Temperament) Diagnosis From the Perspective of Persian Medicine: An Expert Panel Study Publisher



Alizadeh M1 ; Gorji N2 ; Ghods R3 ; Shirzad M4, 5 ; Vaghasloo MA4, 5 ; Mokaberinejad R6 ; Parvizi MM7, 8 ; Parsa E9 ; Mortaji Z6 ; Heydarirad G6 ; Sharifnia H10 ; Ashrafpour M11 ; Mojahedi M12
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  2. 2. Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Traditional Medicine, Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  8. 8. Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Traditional Pharmacy and Persian Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  12. 12. Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Iranian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

Source: Shiraz E Medical Journal Published:2025


Abstract

Background: Determining both general and organ-specific Mizaj is a crucial step in the diagnosis and treatment within Persian medicine (PM). Developing a standardized instrument for assessing the Mizaj of body organs, particularly the heart, is a research priority in PM. Objectives: The present study aims to extract major and minor indices of heart Mizaj based on PM literature and expert opinions as an initial step towards standard development. Methods: This qualitative study was designed using a hybrid model that includes both theoretical and experimental phases. Initially, heart Mizaj indices were extracted from ten written PM sources and categorized. Additionally, 23 PM experts were interviewed, and ten participated in expert panel sessions. Each expert scored the importance of each index on a scale of 0-3, and the practical method for determining each index was discussed. Final decisions on indices were based on average scores (< 1: Index removed, 1-2: Minor criterion; ≥ 2: Major criterion). Results: From the 30 primary heart Mizaj indices identified on the hotness axis, 15 were classified as major and 10 as minor. The wetness/dryness axis comprised 14 indices, with six categorized as major and five as minor. Across both axes, indices pertaining to mental and emotional states emerged as some of the most significant and frequently noted. Conclusions: The indices extracted in this preliminary study highlight their importance and provide methods for the practical diagnosis of heart Mizaj criteria. These findings can facilitate the development of a standardized tool for diagnosing heart Mizaj. © 2025, Alizadeh et al.
Related Docs
1. Perspectives of Personalized Medicine in Traditional Persian Medicine, Koomesh (2022)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Shekoufeh Nikfar (1)
Roja Rahimi (1)