Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus Strains in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran (2021–2022 and 2023–2024): Genetic Characterization of Adenovirus F41 Publisher



Ghadimpour R ; Kachooei A ; Jalilvand S ; Maleki A ; Hosseini Fakhr S S ; Mir Hosseinian M ; Behnezhad F ; Arashkia A ; Shoja Z
Source: Health Science Reports Published:2026

Abstract

Background and Aims: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common viral pathogens causing pediatric diarrheal disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotypic diversity of HAdV strains among hospitalized children (< 5 years of age) with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Tehran, Iran, during two distinct periods: 2021–2022 and 2023–2024. Methods: A total of 398 stool samples (200 from 2021 to 2022 and 198 from 2023 to 2024) were collected. HAdV detection and genotyping were performed using PCR and sequencing of the hexon hypervariable regions (HVRs 1–7) and fiber genes. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine lineages and genotypic clusters (GTCs). Results: The HAdV positivity rate increased from 14% (28/200) in 2021–2022 to 20.2% (40/198) in 2023–2024. Nine distinct types were identified across four species (HAdV-B, -C, -D, and -F), encompassing both enteric and non-enteric types. HAdV-F41 and HAdV-C2 were the most prevalent types. Molecular characterization of HAdV-F41 strains revealed the circulation of hexon-based GTC1 and fiber-based GTC2 genotypic clusters. These strains were further classified into hexon-lineage 1 and fiber-lineage 2, consistent with the lineage 2b/subtype G3 classification. Conclusion: Our findings highlight a significant increase in HAdV prevalence and a diverse range of circulating genotypes. The dominance and evolution of HAdV-F41 lineage 2b/subtype G3 underscore the importance of continuous molecular surveillance to monitor emerging genotypic shifts and inform public health strategies for HAdV-associated gastroenteritis in Iran. © 2026 The Author(s). Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.