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Inflammatory Factors and Immunoglobulins Alterations in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Squalene Publisher



Martirosyan D1 ; Ashoori MR2 ; Mikaeili AS3 ; Pezeshki S4 ; Serani A1, 5 ; Lee M1, 6 ; Mirmiranpour H7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Functional Food Center (FFC), Functional Food Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
  2. 2. Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
  6. 6. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
  7. 7. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Source: Functional Food Science Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Squalene is a 30-carbon (as a polyunsaturated triterpene) compound that has been suggested to have several benefits. In recent years, its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been studied. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of squalene on different days on the changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and antibodies in people with type 2 diabetes and then compare it. Methods: In this study, 4 groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 1 control group were selected. 4 groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 1 diabetic group without squalene consumption for 84 days and 3 diabetic groups treated with squalene in doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg, respectively for 84 days. The levels of Interleukin-1 alpha, Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-4, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and as well as the glucose of all participants were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: On days 14 and 28, a statistically significant difference (P value < 0.05) was observed in the level of Interleukin-1 alpha and Interleukin-4 in groups 3, 4 and 5 compared to group 2. This significant difference in the levels of interleukin-1 beta and immunoglobulin A was observed only on days 56 and 84. No statistically significant difference (P value > 0.05) was observed in the levels of immunoglobulins G, M, and glucose during the consumption of squalene between the groups. Conclusions: According to the time and dose, squalene can be effective in reducing inflammatory factors and increasing immunoglobulin A. However, additional studies are needed for the action mechanism and the effect of squalene. © FFC 2022.
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