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Prostate Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment Publisher



Nazari A1 ; Osati P2 ; Far NP3 ; Abdulwahid AHRR4 ; Faghihkhorasani F4 ; Ebrahimi N5 ; Hajifatahaliha M6 ; Aref AR7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  5. 5. Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  7. 7. Mass General Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  8. 8. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States

Source: Prostate Cancer: Molecular Events and Therapeutic Modalities Published:2024


Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently detected malignancy among males on a global scale. Notwithstanding their initial susceptibility to androgen restriction, individuals afflicted with advanced disease inevitably acquire refusal to treatment and may succumb to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). One of the primary difficulties encountered in the therapy of PCa is the presence of clinical heterogeneity, which poses a significant difficulty due to its unpredictable nature and the limitations of currently available biomarkers in accu rately predicting its occurrence. There exists a substantial unmet need to establish precise molecular biomarkers for PCa that can effectively contribute to the diagno-sis process and differentiate patients who would benefit from intensive therapy from people who would be better off avoiding excessive treatment. The etiology of PCa extends beyond the cancerous epithelial cells and encompasses the intricate interplay between these cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. The interaction between stroma and epithelial cells in prostate cancer has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the advancement of the illness and its spread to other parts of the body. Several important indicators of reactive stroma have been found, including markers for stem/progenitor cells, inflammatory mediators originating from stromal cells, connective tissue growth factors, regulators of angiogenesis, wingless homologs (Wnts), and integrins. In this chapter, we present a summary of the intercommunication between stromal and epithelial cells in PCa, with a specific emphasis on the molecular biomarkers associated with the tumor microenvironment. We explore the significance of these biomarkers in the areas of diagnosis, prognosis, and the advancement of therapeutic strategies. © The Author(s). All rights reserved.
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