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Effects of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria on Bcg Vaccine Efficacy: A Narrative Review Publisher



Ghasemi F1 ; Kardanyamchi J2 ; Heidary M3 ; Karamizarandi M4 ; Akrami S5 ; Maleki A6 ; Khoshnood S6, 7 ; Kazemian H6, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Quality Control and Screening Management Office, Deputy of Technical and New Technologies, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

Source: Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases Published:2024


Abstract

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial pathogen is responsible for the ongoing global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only currently approved TB vaccine, is successful in preventing disseminated disease in newborns. However, it has a variable efficacy against pulmonary TB in adults. This protective effect of the vaccine varies greatly among different populations and geographical areas, which the increased exposure of particular populations to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is considered as one of the reasons for this issue. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to NTM species causes the host immune system to be improperly primed. It has also been suggested that NTM species may be blamed for reduction in BCG vaccine effectiveness against M. tuberculosis. The increased exposure of certain populations to NTM has diverse effects on BCG efficacy. Moreover, the exposure to NTM can induce opposite effects on BCG efficacy depending on the NTM exposure route and survivability. A detailed understanding of the impact of NTM exposure on the efficacy of the BCG vaccine is essential for ongoing efforts to develop new TB vaccines as it may ultimately be a crucial success factor. The aim of this study was to review the findings of the studies focusing on the effects of NTM on BCG vaccine efficacy in animal models. © 2024 The Author(s)
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