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Cytotoxic Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Artemisia Biennis Essential Oils at Different Growth Stages Publisher



Jamshidi N1 ; Mojarrab M2, 3 ; Delnavazi MR4 ; Emami A5 ; Bahrami G6 ; Shokoohinia Y7 ; Hosseinzadeh L2
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  6. 6. Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  7. 7. Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, United States

Source: Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products Published:2024


Abstract

Background: The Artemisia genus is well-known for its medicinal properties, particularly in Iranian traditional medicine. Artemisia biennis, a species within this genus, is widely distributed across Iranian rangelands. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and chemical composition of essential oils (EO) isolated from the aerial parts of A. biennis in Iran at different growth stages. Methods: The aerial parts of A. biennis from northeast Iran were collected during June (early vegetative stage), July (pre-flowering stage), August (full-flowering stage), and October (late vegetative stage). The essential oils (EOs) of the A. biennis species were extracted by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The cytotoxic activity of the EOs against normal fibroblasts, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines was evaluated using the MTT assay. Results: Data from GC/MS analysis revealed that (Z)-nerolidol (22.62-54.4%), (E)-β-farnesene (6.89-16.38%), and (Z)-tonghaosu (12.33-18.61%) were the most abundant chemical constituents. The essential oil (EO) of A. biennis was characterized by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with (Z)-nerolidol being the main constituent identified. Based on the MTT assay, the EO of the plant species collected in June exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (IC50 = 2.84 ± 0.15 µg/mL) and HT-29 cell lines (IC50 = 2.41 ± 0.2 µg/mL). Conclusions: The growth stage of A. biennis affects EO yields, the composition of extracted secondary metabolites, and cytotoxic activity. A. biennis EOs can be considered potential sources of cytotoxic phytochemicals. © 2024, Jamshidi et al.
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