Spondyloarthropathies and Environmental Stresses Publisher



Mojtahedi H¹ ; Soleimanifar N² Show Affiliations
Source: Ankylosing Spondylitis - Axial Spondyloarthritis: Cellular# Molecular and Environmental Factors Published:2021

Abstract

Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) refer to a multifactorial disease affecting the axial and peripheral skeleton, mainly in the larger joints of the lower limbs. The exact mechanism that causes most SpAs is still vague; however, it is clear that both genetics and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Environmental factors directly implicate innate immunity, which is a vital compartment in triggering autoinflammatory disorders. To date, only a few studies specifically focused on the potential role of these factors, including mechanical, psychological, and oxidative stresses, smoking, diet, and infections. Here we discuss the contribution of named stresses and related molecular mechanisms on SpA diseases, apart from the diet and infection, which were the concept of previous chapters. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.