Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 12-Aryl-11-Hydroxy-5,6-Dihydropyrrolo[2″,1″:3′,4′]Pyrazino[1′,2′:1,5]Pyrrolo[2,3-D]Pyridazine-8(9H)-One Derivatives As Potential Cytotoxic Agents Publisher



Barghi Lish A¹ ; Foroumadi A^{2, 3} ; Kolvari E¹ ; Safari F⁴ Show Affiliations
Source: ACS Omega Published:2023

Abstract

In the present paper, a facile and efficient synthetic procedure has been applied to obtain dihydrodipyrrolo[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylates (5a-s), which have subsequently gone through the cyclization in the presence of hydrazine hydrate to afford 12-aryl-11-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2″,1″:3′,4′]pyrazino[1′,2′:1,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine-8(9H)-ones (7a-q). The molecular structures of these novel compounds were extensively examined through the analysis of spectroscopic data in combination with X-ray crystallography techniques. Following that, the in vitro cytotoxic activities of all derivatives against three human cancer cell lines (Panc-1, PC3, and MDA-MB-231) were comprehensively evaluated alongside the assessment on normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells using the MTT assay. Among the compounds, the 3-nitrophenyl derivative (7m) from the second series showed the best antiproliferative activity against all tested cell lines, particularly against Panc-1 cell line, (IC50 = 12.54 μM), being nearly twice as potent as the standard drug etoposide. The induction of apoptosis and sub-G1 cell cycle arrest in Panc-1 cancer cells by compound 7m was confirmed through further assessment. Moreover, the inhibition of kinases and the induction of cellular apoptosis by compound 7m in Panc-1 cancer cells were validated using the Western blotting assay. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.