The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran

The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran Publisher Pubmed

Nazari SSH¹ ; Noroozi M² ; Soori H³ ; Noroozi A^{4, 5} ; Mehrabi Y³ ; Hajebi A⁶ ; Sharifi H⁷ ; Higgs P⁸ ; Mirzazadeh A^{7, 9}

Show Affiliations

1. Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
5. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
6. Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
7. Regional Knowledge Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
8. National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Australia
9. Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

Source: International Journal of Drug Policy Published:2016

Abstract

Background: Needle and syringe programs (NSPs) are widely used to reduce harms associated with drug injecting. This study assessed the effect of facility-based (on-site services at drop-in centre) and outreach models of NSP on injection risk behaviours. Methods: Self-reported data from 455 people who injected drugs (PWID) during 2014 in Kermanshah, Iran, were examined to measure demographic characteristics and risk behaviors. Self-reported and program data were also assessed to identify their main source of injection equipment. Participants were divided into three sub-groups: facility-based NSP users, outreach NSP users and non-users (comparison group). Coarsened exact matching was used to make the three groups statistically equivalent based on age, place of residence, education and income, and groups were compared regarding the proportion of borrowing or lending of syringes/cookers, reusing syringes and recent HIV testing. Results: Overall, 76% of participants reported any NSP service use during the two months prior to interview. Only 23% (95%CI: 17-27) reported outreach NSP as their main source of syringes. Using facility-based NSP significantly decreased recent syringe borrowing (OR: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.10-0.70), recent syringe reuse (OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.23-0.68) and increased recent HIV testing (OR: 2.60, 95%CI: 1.48-4.56). Similar effects were observed among outreach NSP users; in addition, the outreach NSP model significantly reduced the chance of lending syringes (OR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.15-0.60), compared to facility-based NSP (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 0.74-2.17). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the outreach NSP model is as effective as facility-based NSP in reducing injection risk behaviours and increasing the rate of HIV testing. Outreach NSP was even more effective than facility-based in reducing the lending of syringes to others. Scaling up outreach NSP is an effective intervention to further reduce transmission of HIV via needle sharing. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

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Alireza Noroozi (13)

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Nazari SSH, et al.. "The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran." International Journal of Drug Policy, vol. 27, no. , 2016, pp. 127-131.
APA	Nazari SSH, Noroozi M, Soori H, Noroozi A, Mehrabi Y, Hajebi A, Sharifi H, Higgs P, Mirzazadeh A (2016). The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran. International Journal of Drug Policy, 27(), 127-131.
Chicago	Nazari SSH, Noroozi M, Soori H, Noroozi A, Mehrabi Y, Hajebi A, Sharifi H, Higgs P, Mirzazadeh A. "The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran." International Journal of Drug Policy 27, no. (2016): 127-131.
Harvard	Nazari SSH et al. (2016) 'The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran', International Journal of Drug Policy, 27(), pp. 127-131.
Vancouver	Nazari SSH, Noroozi M, Soori H, Noroozi A, Mehrabi Y, Hajebi A, et al.. The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2016;27():127-131.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Nazari SSH and Noroozi M and Soori H and Noroozi A and Mehrabi Y and Hajebi A and Sharifi H and Higgs P and Mirzazadeh A}, title = {The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {127-131}, year = {2016} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Nazari SSH AU - Noroozi M AU - Soori H AU - Noroozi A AU - Mehrabi Y AU - Hajebi A AU - Sharifi H AU - Higgs P AU - Mirzazadeh A TI - The Effect of On-Site and Outreach-Based Needle and Syringe Programs in People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran JO - International Journal of Drug Policy VL - 27 IS - SP - 127 EP - 131 PY - 2016 ER -

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