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Prevalence, Years Lived With Disability, and Trends in Anaemia Burden by Severity and Cause, 1990–2021: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Gardner WM1 ; Razo C1 ; Mchugh TA1 ; Hagins H1 ; Vilchistella VM1 ; Hennessy C1, 7 ; Taylor HJ1 ; Perumal N1 ; Fuller K1 ; Cercy KM1 ; Zoeckler LZ1 ; Chen CS1 ; Lim SS1, 2 ; Aravkin AY1, 2, 3 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Gardner WM1
  2. Razo C1
  3. Mchugh TA1
  4. Hagins H1
  5. Vilchistella VM1
  6. Hennessy C1, 7
  7. Taylor HJ1
  8. Perumal N1
  9. Fuller K1
  10. Cercy KM1
  11. Zoeckler LZ1
  12. Chen CS1
  13. Lim SS1, 2
  14. Aravkin AY1, 2, 3
  15. Arndt MB1, 4
  16. Bishai JD1
  17. Burkart K1, 2
  18. Chung E1
  19. Dai X1, 2
  20. Dandona L1, 236, 362
  21. Dandona R1, 2, 362
  22. Dharmaratne SD1, 2, 247
  23. Dirac MA1, 2, 5
  24. Ewald SB1
  25. Fitzgerald R1
  26. Hassen M1, 143
  27. Mestrovic T1, 445
  28. Mokdad AH1, 2
  29. Nassereldine H1
  30. Pickering BV1
  31. Sorensen RJD1, 4
  32. Stanaway JD1, 2
  33. Zheng P1, 2
  34. Hay SI1, 2
  35. Murray CJL1, 2
  36. Kassebaum NJ1, 2, 6
  37. Misganaw A2, 143
  38. Aali A8
  39. Nour MG9
  40. Sahebkar A10, 11
  41. Abate KH12
  42. Gerema U13
  43. Gizaw ATT14
  44. Abdelsalam S15
  45. Abdurehman AM16
  46. Enyew DB17
  47. Gebremichael B18
  48. Kebede AD19
  49. Meresa HA20
  50. Weldegebreal F20
  51. Abebe G21
  52. Abtew YD22
  53. Kanko TK22
  54. Demisse FW23
  55. Dora BT23
  56. Yisihak E23
  57. Demissie S24
  58. Gebremariam YH25
  59. Wubetie GA25
  60. Woldemariam M26
  61. Abidi H27
  62. Zoladl M28
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  236. Das JK204
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  238. Bikbov B206
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  242. Birara S211
  243. Bitaraf S212
  244. Sadeghian S213
  245. Botelho JS214
  246. Calina D215
  247. Cembranel F216
  248. Chakraborty PA217
  249. Chanie GS218
  250. Dessie G219
  251. Diress M220
  252. Gela Y220
  253. Eshetu HB221
  254. Sharew MM222
  255. Simegn W223
  256. Chattu V224, 225
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  258. Chukwu IS228
  259. Criqui MH229
  260. Dadras O231, 232
  261. Danawi HA233
  262. Kaur H234
  263. Pandey A235
  264. Kamal VK236, 379
  265. Darwesh AM237
  266. Hosseinzadeh M238, 348
  267. Bali AO239
  268. Das S240
  269. De La Cruzgongora V241
  270. Mejiarodriguez F242
  271. Desai HD243
  272. Desalegn M244
  273. Feyisa BR244
  274. Fekadu G245, 278
  275. Dessalegn FN246
  276. Dhimal M248
  277. Paudel U248, 513
  278. Dhingra S249
  279. Diaz D250, 251
  280. Didehdar M252
  281. Golitaleb M253
  282. Harorani M253
  283. Doku PN255
  284. Dongarwar D256
  285. Edinur HA258
  286. Elagali AEM259, 260
  287. Elbahnasawy MA261
  288. Hasaballah AI262
  289. Samy AM264, 265
  290. Elhadi M266
  291. Elhuneidi W267
  292. Saddik B268
  293. Elmonem MA269
  294. Ezzeddini R270
  295. Mosapour A270, 436
  296. Zaki L271
  297. Gaihre S272
  298. Fasanmi AO273, 274
  299. Ram P275
  300. Suchdev PS276
  301. Young MF277
  302. Huang J279
  303. Fischer F280
  304. Foroutan M281, 282
  305. Gadanya MA284, 285
  306. Gaidhane AM286
  307. Syed ZQ286
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  309. Galali Y288, 290
  310. Mohammad DK289, 387
  311. Galehdar N291
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  315. Verma M295
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  317. Gebremedhin KB297
  318. Tamir Z298
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  320. Mulu GB300
  321. Yehualashet SS300
  322. Ghaffari K301
  323. Ghafourifard M302
  324. Hassankhani H303
  325. Hosseini M304
  326. Mahmoodpoor A305
  327. Mirghafourvand M306
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  330. Kalhor R310, 311
  331. Ghozy S312
  332. Glasbey JC313
  333. Golechha M314
  334. Goleij P315
  335. Goyomsa GG316
  336. Gubari MIM317
  337. Gudisa Z318
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  339. Gupta R320, 321, 323
  340. Yunusa I322
  341. Gupta S324
  342. Gupta VK325
  343. Guta A326
  344. Solomon Y327
  345. Umer AA328
  346. Habibzadeh P329
  347. Hamidi S330
  348. Handal AJ331
  349. Hannan M332, 333
  350. Harapan H334
  351. Hasan M335, 336
  352. Hasani H337
  353. Hayat K339, 340
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Source: The Lancet Haematology Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods: We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings: In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23·9–24·7), corresponding to 1·92 billion (1·89–1·95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28·2% (27·8–28·5) and 1·50 billion (1·48–1·52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52·0 million (35·1–75·1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422·4 [95% UI 286·1–612·9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89·0 [58·2–123·7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36·3 [24·4–52·8]), collectively accounting for 84·7% (84·1–85·2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation: Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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