Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort

Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study Publisher Pubmed

Zamani M¹ ; Poustchi H² ; Shayanrad A² ; Pourfarzi F³ ; Farjam M⁴ ; Noemani K⁵ ; Ghaderi E⁶ ; Mohammadkarimi V⁷ ; Kahnooji M⁸ ; Mansourghanaei F⁹ ; Rastegar A¹⁰ ; Mousavizadeh A¹¹ ; Rafati S¹² ; Johari MG¹³ Show All Authors

Zamani M¹
Poustchi H²
Shayanrad A²
Pourfarzi F³
Farjam M⁴
Noemani K⁵
Ghaderi E⁶
Mohammadkarimi V⁷
Kahnooji M⁸
Mansourghanaei F⁹
Rastegar A¹⁰
Mousavizadeh A¹¹
Rafati S¹²
Johari MG¹³
Moosazadeh M¹⁴
Salehifardjouneghani A^{15, 16}
Ostadrahimi A¹⁷
Mohebbi I¹⁸
Khorram A¹⁹
Ardakani FE²⁰
Sharafkhah M²
Pasdar Y²¹
Sadeghi A²²
Malekzadeh R²³

Show Affiliations

1. Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
4. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
5. Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Deputy of Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
6. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
7. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
8. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
9. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
10. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
11. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
12. Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
13. Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
14. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
15. Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
16. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
17. Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
18. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
19. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
20. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
21. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
22. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
23. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: PLoS ONE Published:2022

Abstract

Background So far, no comprehensive studies have been performed to assess burden and determinants of anemia in Iran. In the present study, we aimed to answer this query using the data obtained from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 161,686 adult participants (aged 35 years and older) from 16 provinces of Iran. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration of <13 g/dL in males and <12 g/dL in females. To evaluate the association between anemia and different factors, we used the multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust variance by applying adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Of the total number of subjects, 72,387 (44.77%) were male and others were female. Mean age was 49.39±9.15 years old. The overall age- and sex-standardized prevalence of anemia was 8.83% (95% CI: 8.70–8.96%) in the included population. The highest and the lowest age- and sex-standardized prevalence of anemia pertained to Hormozgan (37.41%, 95% CI: 35.97–38.85%) and Kurdistan (4.57%, 95% CI: 3.87–5.27%) provinces, respectively. Being female (PR = 2.97), rural residence (PR = 1.24), being retired (PR = 1.53) and housewife (PR = 1.11), third and fourth wealth status quartiles (PR = 1.09 and PR = 1.11, respectively), being underweight (PR = 1.49), drug user (PR = 1.35), inadequate sleep (PR = 1.16), poor physical activity (PR = 1.15), diabetes (PR = 1.09), renal failure (PR = 2.24), and cancer (PR = 1.35) were associated with increased risk of anemia. On the other hand, illiteracy (PR = 0.79) and abdominal obesity (PR = 0.77) decreased the risk of anemia. Conclusions According to the results, a variable prevalence of anemia was observed across the included provinces. We tried to provide an informative report on anemia prevalence for health professionals and authorities to take measures for identification and management of the cases of anemia in high-prevalence areas. Copyright: © 2022 Zamani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

2. Prevalence, Years Lived With Disability, and Trends in Anaemia Burden by Severity and Cause, 1990–2021: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, The Lancet Haematology (2023)

3. Socioeconomic - Related Inequalities in Overweight and Obesity: Findings From the Persian Cohort Study, BMC Public Health (2020)

4. Biological and Immunological Aspects of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Cancer Development: A Narrative Review, Nutrition and Cancer (2018)

5. The Global Burden of Anemia, Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America (2016)

6. Household, Maternal, and Child Related Determinants of Hemoglobin Levels of Ethiopian Children: Hierarchical Regression Analysis, BMC Pediatrics (2019)

7. Association of Anemia With Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, BMC Research Notes (2019)

8. Cohort Profile: The Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (Hcs): A Prospective Population-Based Study on Non-Communicable Diseases in an Arab Community of Southwest Iran, Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2020)

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Hossein Poustchi (3)

Reza Malekzadeh (2)

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Zamani M, et al.. "Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study." PLoS ONE, vol. 17, no. 2 February, 2022, pp. -.
APA	Zamani M, Poustchi H, Shayanrad A, Pourfarzi F, Farjam M, Noemani K, Ghaderi E, Mohammadkarimi V, Kahnooji M, Mansourghanaei F, Rastegar A, Mousavizadeh A, Rafati S, Johari MG, Moosazadeh M, Salehifardjouneghani A, Ostadrahimi A, Mohebbi I, Khorram A, ... Malekzadeh R (2022). Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE, 17(2 February), -.
Chicago	Zamani M, Poustchi H, Shayanrad A, Pourfarzi F, Farjam M, Noemani K, Ghaderi E, et al.. "Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study." PLoS ONE 17, no. 2 February (2022): -.
Harvard	Zamani M et al. (2022) 'Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study', PLoS ONE, 17(2 February), pp. -.
Vancouver	Zamani M, Poustchi H, Shayanrad A, Pourfarzi F, Farjam M, Noemani K, et al.. Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(2 February):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Zamani M and Poustchi H and Shayanrad A and Pourfarzi F and Farjam M and Noemani K and Ghaderi E and Mohammadkarimi V and Kahnooji M and Mansourghanaei F and Rastegar A and Mousavizadeh A and Rafati S and Johari MG and Moosazadeh M and Salehifardjouneghani A and Ostadrahimi A and Mohebbi I and Khorram A and Ardakani FE and Sharafkhah M and Pasdar Y and Sadeghi A and Malekzadeh R}, title = {Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {17}, number = {2 February}, pages = {-}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Zamani M AU - Poustchi H AU - Shayanrad A AU - Pourfarzi F AU - Farjam M AU - Noemani K AU - Ghaderi E AU - Mohammadkarimi V AU - Kahnooji M AU - Mansourghanaei F AU - Rastegar A AU - Mousavizadeh A AU - Rafati S AU - Johari MG AU - Moosazadeh M AU - Salehifardjouneghani A AU - Ostadrahimi A AU - Mohebbi I AU - Khorram A AU - Ardakani FE AU - Sharafkhah M AU - Pasdar Y AU - Sadeghi A AU - Malekzadeh R TI - Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Iranian Population Aged ≥35 Years: A Persian Cohort–Based Cross-Sectional Study JO - PLoS ONE VL - 17 IS - 2 February SP - EP - PY - 2022 ER -

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