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Efficacy and Safety of Omalizumab in Paediatric Age: An Update of Literature Data Pubmed



Matin N1 ; Tabatabaie O1 ; Falsaperla R2 ; Pavone P2 ; Serra A3 ; Cocuzza S3 ; Di Mauro P3 ; Licciardello L3 ; Lubrano R4 ; Vitaliti G2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Teheran University of Medical Science, Teheran, Iran
  2. 2. General and Acute Paediatric Operative Unit, Policlinico-Vittorio-Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Via Plebiscito n. 628, Catania, 95100, Italy
  3. 3. ENT Department G.F. Ingrassia, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital, Catania, Italy
  4. 4. Pediatric Nephrology Operative Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Source: Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents Published:2016


Abstract

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was discovered in 1966 and was found responsible for immune defense against helminths, type I hypersensitivity and allergic diseases. IgE mediates allergic responses by binding to Fc receptors (the high affinity Fc-epsilon receptor I and the low affinity Fc-epsilon receptor II or CD23) expressed on tissue mast cells and blood basophils. This binding leads to degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Considering the pivotal role of IgE in allergic diseases, antibodies against IgE potentiate an array of new therapeutic strategies and in this regard omalizumab (rhuMAb-E25, Xolair) has been developed as a monoclonal biologic drug to block serum IgEs. Although the use of omalizumab has been studied vigorously in many adult populations with allergic diseases, there are few heterogenous studies on children. There are very few ongoing clinical trials with omalizumab exclusively on children, although some adult studies have concluded pediatric patients as a part of their studies. Nevertheless, in pediatric clinical trials omalizumab has been demonstrated to be effective and safe also in this age group. Herein, the authors present a systematic review of extensive literature data on the use of omalizumab in children and adolescents.