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Associations Between Exploratory Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Federated Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data From 25 Cohort Studies Publisher Pubmed



Jannasch F1, 2, 3 ; Dietrich S1, 4 ; Bishop TRP5 ; Pearce M5 ; Fanidi A5 ; Odonoghue G6 ; Ogorman D7 ; Marquesvidal P8 ; Vollenweider P8 ; Besrastrollo M9, 10, 11 ; Byberg L12 ; Wolk A12, 13 ; Hashemian M14, 15 ; Malekzadeh R14 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Jannasch F1, 2, 3
  2. Dietrich S1, 4
  3. Bishop TRP5
  4. Pearce M5
  5. Fanidi A5
  6. Odonoghue G6
  7. Ogorman D7
  8. Marquesvidal P8
  9. Vollenweider P8
  10. Besrastrollo M9, 10, 11
  11. Byberg L12
  12. Wolk A12, 13
  13. Hashemian M14, 15
  14. Malekzadeh R14
  15. Poustchi H16
  16. Luft VC17
  17. De Matos SMA18
  18. Kim J19
  19. Kim MK19
  20. Kim Y20
  21. Stern D21
  22. Lajous M21
  23. Magliano DJ22
  24. Shaw JE22
  25. Akbaraly T23, 24
  26. Kivimaki M24
  27. Maskarinec G25
  28. Le Marchand L25
  29. Martinezgonzalez MA9, 10, 11, 26
  30. Soedamahmuthu SS27, 28
  31. Wareham NJ5
  32. Forouhi NG5
  33. Schulze MB1, 2, 3
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
  2. 2. NutriAct Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Potsdam-Berlin, Nuthetal, Germany
  3. 3. German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
  4. 4. Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
  5. 5. MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
  6. 6. School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
  7. 7. School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
  8. 8. Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Office BH10-642, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
  9. 9. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
  10. 10. CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  11. 11. Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
  12. 12. Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  13. 13. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  14. 14. Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  15. 15. Biology Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Utica College, Utica, NY, United States
  16. 16. Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  17. 17. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  18. 18. Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  19. 19. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
  20. 20. Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Korea Disease Control Prevention Agency, Seoul, South Korea
  21. 21. CONACyT-Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  22. 22. Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
  23. 23. Inserm U 1018, Universite Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme – SUD, Montpellier, France
  24. 24. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  25. 25. University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
  26. 26. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States
  27. 27. Center of Research On Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, Tilburg, 5000 LE, Netherlands
  28. 28. Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom

Source: European Journal of Nutrition Published:2022


Abstract

Purpose: In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world. Methods: This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8–25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis. Results: 29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059–1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I2 = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027–1.088). Conclusion: Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP–T2D associations were confirmed. © 2022, The Author(s).
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