Effect of Dietary Patterns on Functional Dyspepsia in Adults: A Systematic Review Publisher Pubmed



V Ashoorion VAHID ; Sz Hosseinian Seyedeh ZEYNAB ; N Rezaei NILOUFAR ; P Hajihashemi PARISA ; E Zarefarashbandi ELAHE ; P Adibi Sedeh PEYMAN
Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Published:2025

Abstract

Objectives: Dietary patterns may play important roles in functional dyspepsia (FD) which is one of the widely prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID)s. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of various dietary patterns on FD in adults. Methods: We searched Embase, Medline (accessed via PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Cochrane from inception to March 2025. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials and observational studies enrolling adults (≥ 18 years old). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results: Seven studies (three RCTs and four cross-sectional studies) were included. Moderate-quality evidence suggests that a protein-rich DASH diet (Absolute risk (AR):140 more, 95%CI: 58 to 252 more in 1,000) and an unsaturated fat-rich DASH diet (AR: 113 more, 95%CI: 31 to 227 more in 1,000), compared to baseline diet, are likely to increase Postprandial Distress Syndrome (PDS). Moderate-quality evidence indicates that high versus low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a diet rich in fibers, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and polyphenols, reduced the likelihood of FD (AR:151 fewer, 95%CI: 74 to 203 fewer in 1,000). It is uncertain whether vegetarian and vegan diets, compared to a usual diet, affect PDS due to the very low quality of evidence. Conclusion: Rigorously conducted RCTs and observational studies are needed to establish the association between dietary patterns and functional dyspepsia. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.