Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Relationship of the Prime Diet Quality Score (Pdqs) and Healthy Eating Index (Hei-2015) With Depression and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study Publisher Pubmed



Ataei Kachouei A1, 11 ; Kamrani F2 ; Haghighatdoost F1, 10 ; Mohammadifard N3 ; Najafi F4 ; Farshidi H5 ; Lotfizadeh M6 ; Kazemi T7 ; Karimi S3 ; Roohafza H8 ; Sabri M9 ; Sarrafzadegan N3
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  3. 3. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  5. 5. Hormozgan Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran
  6. 6. School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  7. 7. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  8. 8. Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  9. 9. Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  10. 10. Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  11. 11. Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany

Source: BMC Public Health Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Previous studies have suggested a significant association between diet quality and mental health. However, a limited number of studies have utilized the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) to examine this association. Additionally, no study has yet compared the PDQS and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) in terms of their association with depression and anxiety. Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between diet quality, measured by the PDQS and HEI-2015, and the odds of depression and anxiety in adults. Methods: This study utilized data from the LIPOKAP study, which was conducted between February 2018 and July 2019 in five cities in Iran. We included 1994 adults aged 18 and above who were selected through a multistage cluster sampling method. Participants completed a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate their dietary intake. The FFQ was used to calculate the PDQS and HEI-2015. Depression and anxiety levels were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: The participants had a mean age of 39.79 ± 13.87 years, with females accounting for 1,041 (52.2%) of the total population. PDQS showed a significant inverse association with the odds of depression (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28–0.71) and anxiety (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25–0.62) in the fully adjusted model. Similarly, the highest quartile of HEI-2015 showed a significantly lower odds of depression (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.90) and anxiety (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42–0.92) compared to the lowest quartile. Conclusion: Both PDQS and HEI-2015 were associated with a reduced risk of depression and anxiety. However, the PDQS demonstrated a stronger inverse association with these risks compared to the HEI-2015. This suggests that the PDQS could be a more beneficial dietary pattern for preventing depression and anxiety compared to HEI-2015. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings. © The Author(s) 2024.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. The Association of the Prime Diet Quality Score (Pdqs) With Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: The Isfahan Functional Disorders (Isfun) Cohort Study, Nutritional Neuroscience (2025)
2. The Association of Dietary Macronutrient Quality Indices With Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Quality of Life in Iranian Adults: The Lipokap Study, Journal of Affective Disorders (2022)
3. Red and White Meat Intake in Relation to Mental Disorders in Iranian Adults, Frontiers in Nutrition (2021)
4. Higher Dietary Glycemic Load Is Inversely Associated With Stress Prevalence Among Iranian Adults, BMC Neuroscience (2022)
5. Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns in Relation to Psychological Disorders, Public Health Nutrition (2016)
6. The Relationship Between the World Index for Sustainability and Health (Wish) Score and Mental Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, British Journal of Nutrition (2024)
7. The Association of Food Quality Index With Mental Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, BMC Research Notes (2020)
8. The Association Between Soft Drinks Consumption and Risk of Mental Disorders Among Iranian Adults: The Lipokap Study, Journal of Affective Disorders (2024)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Roya Kelishadi (91)
Peyman Adibi (88)
Other Related Docs
9. Empirically Derived Food-Based Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Increased Risk of Psychological Disorders in Women, Nutritional Neuroscience (2021)
10. Dietary Acid Load in Relation to Depression and Anxiety in Adults, Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (2020)
11. The Relationship Between a Plant-Based Diet and Mental Health: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Multicentric Community Trial (Lipokap Study), PLoS ONE (2023)
12. Adherence to the Mind Diet and Prevalence of Psychological Disorders in Adults, Journal of Affective Disorders (2019)
13. Legume and Nut Consumption in Relation to Depression, Anxiety and Psychological Distress in Iranian Adults, European Journal of Nutrition (2020)
14. Association Between Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption and Micronutrient Intake and Diet Quality in Iranian Adults: A Multicentric Study, Public Health Nutrition (2023)
15. The Association of Whole and Refined Grains Consumption With Psychological Disorders Among Iranian Adults, European Journal of Nutrition (2019)
16. The Mind (Mediterranean-Dash Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) and Mediterranean Diets Are Differently Associated With Psychosomatic Complaints Profile in Adults: Results From Sepahan Cross-Sectional Study, Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism (2020)
17. Consumption of Dietary Fiber in Relation to Psychological Disorders in Adults, Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)
18. The Association Between Dietary Insulin Index and Load With Mental Health, BMC Psychology (2022)
19. Adherence to a Healthy Dietary Pattern Is Associated With Less Severe Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescent Girls, Psychiatry Research (2019)
20. Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy and the Risk of Postpartum Depression, Iranian Journal of Epidemiology (2014)
21. Association Between Junk Food Consumption and Mental Health Problems in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, BMC Psychiatry (2024)
22. Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Psychological Profile in Adults, Clinical Nutrition (2019)
23. Dietary Energy Density Is Inversely Associated With the Diet Quality Indices Among Iranian Young Adults, Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (2012)
24. Adherence to Low Carbohydrate Diet and Prevalence of Psychological Disorders in Adults, Nutrition Journal (2019)
25. The Association Between Dietary Intake of Magnesium and Psychiatric Disorders Among Iranian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study, British Journal of Nutrition (2018)
26. Plant-Based Eating Pattern and Psychological Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Patients With Migraine, Nutritional Neuroscience (2025)
27. Can Following Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diets Reduce the Risk of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study on Iranian Women, Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism (2023)
28. Total Fat and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake in Relation to Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) Levels and Psychological Disorders in Iranian Adults, Scientific Reports (2023)
29. Nutrient Patterns and Their Relation to General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Adults: Findings From the Sepahan Study, European Journal of Nutrition (2016)
30. Dietary Riboflavin Intake in Relation to Psychological Disorders in Iranian Adults: An Observational Study, Scientific Reports (2023)
31. Healthy Eating Index in a Nationally Representative Sample of Children and Adolescents by Socio-Demographic Characteristics: The Weight Disorders Survey of the Caspian-Iv Study, Turkish Journal of Pediatrics (2020)
32. Major Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With Diet Quality Indices in Iranian Adults, Progress in Nutrition (2018)
33. A Dish-Based Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessment of Dietary Intakes in Epidemiologic Studies in Iran: Design and Development, International Journal of Preventive Medicine (2014)
34. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Common Psychological Disorders, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2016)
35. Breakfast Consumption in Relation to Lowered Risk of Psychological Disorders Among Iranian Adults, Public Health (2019)
36. Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables in Relation With Psychological Disorders in Iranian Adults, European Journal of Nutrition (2018)
37. Dietary Patterns in Relation With Psychosomatic Complaints Profile: Results From Sepahan Study Among a Large Sample of General Adults, Nutritional Neuroscience (2020)
38. Association Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Common Mental Health Disorders Profile Scores, Clinical Nutrition (2019)
39. Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity in Relation to Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Adults, Nutrition (2019)
40. Association of Dietary Phytochemical Index and Mental Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, British Journal of Nutrition (2019)
41. Validation of a Simplified Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Assessment of Dietary Habits in Iranian Adults: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, ARYA Atherosclerosis (2015)
42. Association Between Dietary Insulin Index and Load and Psychological Disorders, British Journal of Nutrition (2020)
43. Diet Quality Among Iranian Adolescents Needs Improvement, Public Health Nutrition (2015)
44. Combined Healthy Lifestyle Is Inversely Associated With Psychological Disorders Among Adults, PLoS ONE (2016)
45. Adherence to Alternative Healthy Eating Index in Relation to Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Adults, British Journal of Nutrition (2016)
46. The Association of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption With Adult Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of 260,385 Participants, Nutritional Neuroscience (2023)
47. Adherence to the Dash Diet in Relation to Psychological Profile of Iranian Adults, European Journal of Nutrition (2017)
48. The Association Between Stress Levels and Food Consumption Among Iranian Population, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2013)
49. A Body Shape Index and Body Roundness Index in Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Psychological Distress in Adults, Frontiers in Nutrition (2022)
50. Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns Are Related to Depression: A Case-Control Study, Psychiatry Investigation (2015)