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The Association of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption With Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of 4 035 694 Participants Publisher Pubmed



Babaei A1 ; Pourmotabbed A1 ; Talebi S2, 3 ; Mehrabani S4 ; Bagheri R5 ; Ghoreishy SM2, 3 ; Amirian P6 ; Zarpoosh M6 ; Mohammadi H2 ; Kermani MAH7 ; Fakhari H5 ; Moradi S8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  6. 6. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  7. 7. Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: Nutrition Reviews Published:2024


Abstract

Context: There is an inconsistency between the results obtained from observational studies regarding intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objectives: A dose-response meta-Analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between UPF intake and the risk of IBD. Data Sources: Searches were performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to November 2, 2022. Data Extraction: Data were available from 24 studies including a total of 4035694 participants from 20 countries. Data Analysis: Risk ratios for IBD were analyzed by a random-effects model. Outcomes indicated that UPF intake was linked to an increased risk of IBD (relative risk [RR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.06-1.21; P = 0.001; I2 = 73.2%; n = 59; N = 4035694). This association was significant, especially for the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.00-1.41; I2 = 78.2%; P = 0.046; n = 23; N = 2167160), unlike the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) (RR = 1.11; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26; P = 0.085; I2 = 60.3%; n = 27; N = 2167918). Also, results revealed that each 10% enhancement in daily UPF intake was not related to the risk of IBD (RR, 1.05; 95%CI, 0.98-1.14; P = 0.168; I2 = 31.9%; n = 4) or the risk of UC (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.92-1.11; P = 0.876; I2 = 34.7%; n = 2) in adults. However, results suggested that for every 10% increase in daily UPF intake, there was a 19% increase in the risk of CD (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.01-1.32; P = 0.021; I2 = 0.0%; n = 2) among adults. In addition, the results showed a positive linear relation between UPF intake with CD risk (Pnonlinearity = 0.431; Pdose response = 0.049) but not risk of IBD or UC. Conclusion: High intake of UPFs was linked with an enhanced IBD risk, a specific risk of CD. However, conducting more observational studies among several ethnicities and using specific tools that accurately assess the amount of UPF consumption, components of UPFs, and food additives may be necessary. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved.
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