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Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status and Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies Publisher Pubmed



Mohammed SH1 ; Habtewold TD2, 3 ; Birhanu MM4 ; Sissay TA5 ; Tegegne BS2 ; Abuzerr S6 ; Esmaillzadeh A1, 7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  3. 3. Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  4. 4. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  5. 5. Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  6. 6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: BMJ Open Published:2019


Abstract

Objective Low neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) has been linked to a higher risk of overweight/obesity, irrespective of the individual's own socioeconomic status. No meta-analysis study has been done on the association. Thus, this study was done to synthesise the existing evidence on the association of NSES with overweight, obesity and body mass index (BMI). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published until 25 September 2019. Eligibility criteria Epidemiological studies, both longitudinal and cross-sectional ones, which examined the link of NSES to overweight, obesity or BMI, were included. Data extraction and synthesis Data extraction was done by two reviewers, working independently. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the observational studies. The summary estimates of the relationships of NSES with overweight, obesity and BMI statuses were calculated with random-effects meta-analysis models. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q and I 2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were done by age categories, continents, study designs and NSES measures. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Result A total of 21 observational studies, covering 1 244 438 individuals, were included in this meta-analysis. Low NSES, compared with high NSES, was found to be associated with a 31% higher odds of overweight (pooled OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.47, p<0.001), a 45% higher odds of obesity (pooled OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.74, p<0.001) and a 1.09 kg/m 2 increase in mean BMI (pooled beta=1.09, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.50, p<0.001). Conclusion NSES disparity might be contributing to the burden of overweight/obesity. Further studies are warranted, including whether addressing NSES disparity could reduce the risk of overweight/obesity. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017063889 © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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