The Association Between Diet Quality and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Ghosn B¹ ; Onvani S^{2, 3} ; Ardestani ME⁴ ; Feizi A⁵ ; Azadbakht L¹ ; Esmaillzadeh A^{1, 3, 6} Show Affiliations
Source: BMC Public Health Published:2023

Abstract

Background: Previous investigations have primarily examined the relationship between various dietary patterns and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there have been limited studies that have evaluated the association between diet quality presented by Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study recruited 84 cases and 252 healthy controls who were randomly selected. Diet, smoking, and physical activity were assessed using validated questionnaires. The HEI-2010 score ranged from zero to hundred twenty, with zero indicating an unhealthy diet and hundred twenty indicating a healthy diet. Logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the association between HEI-2010 and the odds of COPD. Results: Results from logistic regression showed that individuals with higher HEI scores had a significantly lower odds of COPD (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16–0.72). After adjusting for confounders, individuals with the highest HEI score were 82% less likely to have COPD (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.03–0.96). This association remained significant after adjusting for smoking and physical activity (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.93) and with additional adjustment for BMI (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.92). Conclusions: This study found a significant association between a higher HEI-2010 score and a lower odd of COPD in the Iranian population. These results suggest that a healthy diet may play a crucial role in reducing the odds of COPD and in improving the function of the lungs. However, further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate this relationship. © 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.