The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Publisher Pubmed



Amini MR¹ ; Aminianfar A² ; Naghshi S³ ; Larijani B⁴ ; Esmaillzadeh A^{5, 6, 7}
Source: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition Published:2022

Abstract

This study aimed to summarize earlier randomized controlled trials on the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on body composition and anthropometric measures. Four databases were searched from inception to May 2020 using relevant keywords. All clinical trials investigating the effects of KD on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), lean body mass (LBM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and percentage body fat (PBF) in adults were included. Overall, 18 trials were included in the review. Pooled effect sizes revealed a significant effect of KD on BW (weighted mean differences [WMD]: −2.87 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.84 to −1.89), BMI (WMD: −1.44 kg/ (Formula presented.) 95% CI: −2.07, −0.81), FM (WMD: −1.40 kg, 95% CI: −2.50, −0.30), FFM (WMD: −0.81 kg, 95% CI: −1.32, −0.30), LBM (WMD: −0.63 kg, 95% CI: −1.21, −0.06), WC (WMD: −3.23 cm, 95% CI: −4.38, −2.09), VAT (WMD: −28.91 g, 95% CI: −50.57, −7.24) and PBF (WMD: −2.81 kg, 95% CI: −3.82, −1.80), respectively. Taken together, the data suggest that KD has beneficial effects on BW, BMI, FM, FFM, LBM, WC, VAT, and PBF. However, the effectiveness of the long term effect of this dietary pattern is unclear. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.