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Smoking Behavior and Its Influencing Factors in a National-Representative Sample of Iranian Adolescents: Caspian Study Publisher Pubmed



Kelishadi R1 ; Ardalan G2 ; Gheiratmand R3 ; Majdzadeh R4 ; Delavari A5 ; Heshmat R6 ; Reza Mokhtari M7 ; Mohammad Razaghi E2 ; Motaghian M3 ; Ahangarnazari I7 ; Sadat Mahmoodarabi M2 ; Barekati H2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Preventive Pediatric Cardiology Department, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, PO Box 81465-1148, Iran
  2. 2. School Health Office, Iranian Ministry of Health, Iran
  3. 3. Bureau of Health, Iranian Ministry of Education, Iran
  4. 4. School of Public Health, Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  5. 5. Non-communicable Disease Department, Center for Disease Control, Iranian Ministry of Health, Iran
  6. 6. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Public Health School, Institute of Public Health Research, Iran
  7. 7. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Source: Preventive Medicine Published:2006


Abstract

Objectives.: To determine the national prevalence of smoking among Iranian youths and its environmental influencing factors. Methods.: This study was performed in 2003-2004 among 11,966 school students, ages11-18years, selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling from 20 provinces in Iran. The participants filled out self-administered anonymous questionnaires. Results.: The prevalence of self-reported cigarette smoking was 14.3%, with a higher prevalence in boys than in girls (18.5% vs. 10.1%, respectively, P < 0.001), and in high school than in middle school students (17.4% vs. 10.6%, respectively, P < 0.001). Overall, 42.2% of smokers were daily smoker, and the rest were occasional smoker. The mean age of the first attempt to smoke was 13.2 ± 2.5 years with no significant gender difference but was significantly lower in daily than in occasional smokers. The place of the first attempt to smoke was mostly in friend parties (41.6%) and traditional teahouses (23.2%) for boys and the family parties (37.1%) and the traditional teahouses (27.4%) for girls. The higher school level and having a tobacco user at home significantly increased the likelihood of smoking in adolescents, with the highest odds ratio (OR) found for having a smoker sister in girls (OR = 4.5, 95%CI, 2.5, 8.2), and having a smoker brother in boys (OR = 2.4, 95%CI, 2.03, 3.05). Conclusion.: Smoking is becoming as a major public health threat among Iranian youths. Control measures should be considered not only for cigarette smoking, but also for the socially accepted habit of water pipe use that is revived in traditional teahouses. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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