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An Eco-Epidemiological Study on Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Iran



Nezamzadehezhiyeh H1 ; Mirhendi H2 ; Jafari R3 ; Veysi A4 ; Rassi Y1 ; Oshaghi MA1 ; Arandian MH3 ; Abdoli H3 ; Bahrami S5 ; Zahraei Ramazani AR1 ; Fadaei R5 ; Ramazanpoor J5 ; Farsi M5 ; Aminian K5 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Nezamzadehezhiyeh H1
  2. Mirhendi H2
  3. Jafari R3
  4. Veysi A4
  5. Rassi Y1
  6. Oshaghi MA1
  7. Arandian MH3
  8. Abdoli H3
  9. Bahrami S5
  10. Zahraei Ramazani AR1
  11. Fadaei R5
  12. Ramazanpoor J5
  13. Farsi M5
  14. Aminian K5
  15. Saeidi Z1
  16. Yaghoobiershadi MR1
  17. Akhavan AA1

Source: Iranian Journal of Public Health Published:2021

Abstract

Background: Leishmaniasis is an expanding neglected tropical disease in the world reporting from 98 countries including Iran. This study focused on eco-epidemiological determinants of the disease following a rapid and unexpected increase of leishmaniasis incidence in a strategic residential district in North-East of Isfahan County, Iran. Methods: This study was accomplished from Apr 2012 to Jan 2014 in a strategic residential zone in North-East of Isfahan County, Esfahan, Iran. Monthly activity, parity, Leishmania infection and susceptibility tests, were determined on sand flies. Some portion of inhabitants and school children were surveyed to find active or passive cases of leish-maniasis and also wild rodents were collected to determine reservoir host. Results: Totally 5223 sand flies belonging to Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genus were collected and identified; Ph. papa-tasi was the dominant species and started to appear in May and disappeared in Oct. The majority of living dissected sand flies were unfed and parous. Ph. papatasi showed 4.6% Leishmania infection through direct examination and 39.54% by nested-PCR respectively. Phlebotomus papatasi was susceptible against deltametrin 0.05%. Totally 2149 people were surveyed and incidence and prevalence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis estimated as 45.39 and 314.40 per 1000 population. Rodents showed 73.91% and 80% Leishmania infection by direct examination and nested-PCR respectively. Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major has been established in this area. Rodent control operation and personal protection are highly recommended to control the disease in this focus. © 2021, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved.
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