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Toll-Like Receptors and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Review of Recent Advances Publisher



Chahkand MSG1 ; Tavakoli Y2 ; Aghakhani A3 ; Askarzadeh M4 ; Azimi H5 ; Ghalamkarpour N6 ; Alizadeh A7 ; Archin I8 ; Kermani S7 ; Ansari A9 ; Poudineh M10 ; Mali Z11 ; Foroughi E12 ; Erabi G13 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Chahkand MSG1
  2. Tavakoli Y2
  3. Aghakhani A3
  4. Askarzadeh M4
  5. Azimi H5
  6. Ghalamkarpour N6
  7. Alizadeh A7
  8. Archin I8
  9. Kermani S7
  10. Ansari A9
  11. Poudineh M10
  12. Mali Z11
  13. Foroughi E12
  14. Erabi G13
  15. Mazhari SA14
  16. Fallahi MS3
  17. Deravi N15
  18. Dadkhah PA12
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Golestan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Gorgan, Iran
  2. 2. Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Mazandaran, Iran
  3. 3. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Sari, Iran
  5. 5. Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Student Research Committee, Khorramabad, Iran
  7. 7. Islamic Azad University Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
  8. 8. Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
  9. 9. Shantou University Medical College, Student Research Committee Shantou, Guangdong, China
  10. 10. Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zanjan, Iran
  11. 11. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran
  12. 12. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Isfahan, Iran
  13. 13. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Urmia, Iran
  14. 14. Azerbaijan Medical University, Student Research Committee, Baku, Azerbaijan
  15. 15. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Arabi Ave, Iran

Source: Turkish Journal of Immunology Published:2024


Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common kidney diseases, but its exact pathophysiology remains unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that recognize pathogen-and danger-associated molecular patterns, which can result in an inflammatory response. TLR4, TLR2, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and TLR11 are essential in the pathogenesis of DN, according to recent evidence collected from both in vivo and in vitro studies. Studies have shown that TLR2 and TLR4 expression is higher in patients with renal failure and nephrotic diabetes. They also play critical roles in podocyte injury and inflammation caused by high glucose. TLR2 and TLR4 may be helpful therapeutic targets to prevent or delay DN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, TLR7 may contribute to kidney damage in type 1 diabetes mellitus, whereas downregulation of TLR9 expression inhibits inflammation and apoptosis pathways associated with DN. © 2024 The Author.
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