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The Burden of Prostate Cancer in North Africa and Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study Publisher



Abbasikangevari M1 ; Moghaddam SS1 ; Ghamari SH1 ; Azangoukhyavy M1 ; Malekpour MR1 ; Rezaei N1, 2 ; Rezaei N1, 2 ; Kolahi AA3 ; Amini E1, 4 ; Mokdad AH5, 6 ; Jamshidi H7 ; Naghavi M5 ; Larijani B2 ; Farzadfar F1, 2 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Abbasikangevari M1
  2. Moghaddam SS1
  3. Ghamari SH1
  4. Azangoukhyavy M1
  5. Malekpour MR1
  6. Rezaei N1, 2
  7. Rezaei N1, 2
  8. Kolahi AA3
  9. Amini E1, 4
  10. Mokdad AH5, 6
  11. Jamshidi H7
  12. Naghavi M5
  13. Larijani B2
  14. Farzadfar F1, 2
  15. Khanali J3
  16. Rashidi MM3, 115
  17. Ahmadi A8, 37
  18. Ahmadi S9
  19. Gholamalizadeh M10
  20. Hajmirzaian A11, 12
  21. Mafi AR13
  22. Nejadghaderi SA14
  23. Azadnajafabad S15
  24. Maroufi SF15
  25. Mohammadi E15, 26
  26. Momtazmanesh S15
  27. Shobeiri P15
  28. Abbasi B16
  29. Akhavizadegan H17
  30. Alimohamadi Y18, 46
  31. Hafezinejad N19, 86
  32. Karimi A19
  33. Nowroozi A19
  34. Malekzadeh R20, 76
  35. Sepanlou SG20, 76
  36. Nasab EM21
  37. Shirkoohi R22
  38. Vakhshiteh F23
  39. Yazdanpanah JF24
  40. Zahir M25, 133
  41. Abidi H27
  42. Zoladl M28
  43. Abugharbieh E29
  44. Afzal MS30
  45. Saqib N31, 124
  46. Ahmad AR32, 33
  47. Ahmad S34
  48. Mohammadianhafshejani A35
  49. Bagheri N36
  50. Ahmed H37
  51. Akbarzadehkhiavi M38
  52. Hosseini MS39
  53. Mamaghani AJ40, 92
  54. Mahmoodpoor A41
  55. Hamad HA42
  56. Sathian B43, 125
  57. Alhalaiqa FAN44, 45
  58. Batiha AMM44
  59. Arabloo J47
  60. Kabir A48
  61. Noori M49, 50
  62. Tiyuri A49, 50, 56
  63. Aljunid SM51, 52
  64. Almidani O53, 54
  65. Arabzozani M55
  66. Athari SS57
  67. Jafari AA58
  68. Mirmoeeni S58
  69. Baghcheghi N59
  70. Koohestani HR60
  71. Bagherieh S61
  72. Fatehizadeh A62
  73. Bhagavathula AS63, 64
  74. Bijani A65
  75. Butt NS66
  76. Malik AA67, 106
  77. Natto ZS68, 109
  78. Soltani RDC69
  79. Golitaleb M70
  80. Moradzadeh R71
  81. Zamanian M71
  82. Daryani A72
  83. Rafiei A73
  84. Dianatinasab M74, 75
  85. Shahabi S77
  86. Sayed IE78
  87. Elhadi M79
  88. Fereidoonnezhad M80
  89. Foroutan M81
  90. Goleij P82
  91. Gubari MIM83
  92. Sheikhbahaei S84
  93. Hamidi S85
  94. Haque S86
  95. Hayat K87, 88
  96. Househ M89
  97. Jamshidi E90, 91
  98. Joukar F93, 94
  99. Mansourghanaei F93, 94
  100. Naghipour M93, 95
  101. Kalhor R96, 97
  102. Khader YS98
  103. Kiani B99
  104. Sahebkar A100, 101
  105. Livani S102
  106. Mohammadi S103
  107. Madadizadeh F104
  108. Majidzadeha K105
  109. Mohammad Y107
  110. Moraga P108
  111. Okatialiabad H110
  112. Pakzad R111
  113. Piracha ZZ112
  114. Pottoo FH113
  115. Rahmanian V114
  116. Razeghinia MS116, 118
  117. Sahebazzamani M117, 120
  118. Rezaeian M119
  119. Saeed U121, 122
  120. Samy AM123
  121. Shaikh MA126
  122. Suleman M127, 128
  123. Ullah I129, 130
  124. Tahbaz SV131, 132
  125. Yahyazadeh SH131
  126. Yuce D134
  127. Zare I135
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Urology, Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  7. 7. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  15. 15. Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  16. 16. Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  17. 17. Department of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  18. 18. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  19. 19. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  20. 20. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  21. 21. Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  22. 22. Cancer Research Center, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  23. 23. Nanotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  24. 24. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  26. 26. Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institution, Isfahan, Iran
  27. 27. Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  28. 28. Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  29. 29. Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  30. 30. Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  31. 31. School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  32. 32. College of Nursing, International Relations & Diplomacy, Ranya - Al Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  33. 33. International Relations & Diplomacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
  34. 34. Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  35. 35. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  36. 36. Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  37. 37. Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
  38. 38. Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  39. 39. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  40. 40. Department of Parasitology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  41. 41. Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  42. 42. Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  43. 43. Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  44. 44. Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
  45. 45. Psychological Sciences Association, Amman, Jordan
  46. 46. Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  47. 47. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  48. 48. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  49. 49. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  51. 51. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Kuwait
  52. 52. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  53. 53. Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  54. 54. Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  55. 55. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  56. 56. Department of Epidemiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  57. 57. Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  58. 58. School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  59. 59. Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  60. 60. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  61. 61. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  62. 62. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  63. 63. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  64. 64. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  65. 65. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  66. 66. Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  67. 67. Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  68. 68. Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  69. 69. Environmental Health Unit, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  70. 70. Department of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  71. 71. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  72. 72. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  73. 73. Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  74. 74. Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
  75. 75. Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  76. 76. Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  77. 77. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  78. 78. Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  79. 79. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  80. 80. Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  81. 81. Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  82. 82. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  83. 83. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
  84. 84. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  85. 85. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  86. 86. Research & Scientific Studies Unit, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  87. 87. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  88. 88. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  89. 89. College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  90. 90. Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehram, Iran
  91. 91. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
  92. 92. Department of Parasitology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, tehran, Iran
  93. 93. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  94. 94. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  95. 95. Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  96. 96. Institute for Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  97. 97. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  98. 98. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  99. 99. Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  100. 100. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  101. 101. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  102. 102. Radiology Department, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  103. 103. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  104. 104. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Yazd University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
  105. 105. Cancer Genetics Department, Motamed Cancer Institute, Breast Cancer Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  106. 106. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  107. 107. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  108. 108. Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  109. 109. Oral health policy and epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, United States
  110. 110. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  111. 111. Department of Epidemiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  112. 112. Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  113. 113. Department of Pharmacology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  114. 114. Department of Community Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  115. 115. Department of Clinical Science, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
  116. 116. Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
  117. 117. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
  118. 118. Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  119. 119. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  120. 120. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  121. 121. Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
  122. 122. Biological Production Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
  123. 123. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  124. 124. Research Development Coordination Section, Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
  125. 125. Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
  126. 126. Karachi, Pakistan
  127. 127. Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan
  128. 128. School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
  129. 129. Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  130. 130. Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
  131. 131. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  132. 132. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  133. 133. Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  134. 134. Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  135. 135. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Oncology Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This study presents estimates of PCa prevalence, incidence, death, years-of-life-lost (YLLs), years-lived-with-disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), and the burden attributable to smoking during 1990-2019 in North Africa and Middle East using data of Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019. Methods: This study is a part of GBD 2019. Using vital registration and cancer registry data, the estimates on PCa burden were modeled. Risk factor analysis was performed through the six-step conceptual framework of Comparative Risk Assessment. Results: The age-standardized rates (95% UI) of PCa incidence, prevalence, and death in 2019 were 23.7 (18.5-27.9), 161.1 (126.6-187.6), and 11.7 (9.4-13.9) per 100,000 population. While PCa incidence and prevalence increased by 77% and 144% during 1990-2019, respectively, the death rate stagnated. Of the 397% increase in PCa new cases, 234% was due to a rise in the age-specific incidence rate, 79% due to population growth, and 84% due to population aging. The YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of PCa increased by 2% (-11.8-23.1), 108% (75.5-155.1), and 6% (-8.9-28.1). The death rate and DALYs rate attributable to smoking have decreased 12% and 10%, respectively. The DALYs rate attributable to smoking was 37.4 (15.9-67.8) in Lebanon and 5.9 (2.5-10.6) in Saudi Arabia, which were the highest and lowest in the region, respectively. Conclusions: The PCa incidence and prevalence rates increased during 1990-2019; however, the death rate stagnated. The increase in the incidence was mostly due to the rise in the age-specific incidence rate, rather than population growth or aging. The burden of PCa attributable to smoking has decreased in the past 30 years. Copyright © 2022 Abbasi-Kangevari, Saeedi Moghaddam, Ghamari, Azangou-Khyavy, Malekpour, Rezaei, Rezaei, Kolahi, GBD 2019 NAME Prostate Cancer Collaborators, Amini, Mokdad, Jamshidi, Naghavi, Larijani and Farzadfar.
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