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Burden of Tracheal, Bronchus, and Lung Cancer in North Africa and Middle East Countries, 1990 to 2019: Results From the Gbd Study 2019 Publisher



Khanmohammadi S1, 6 ; Moghaddam SS1, 2 ; Azadnajafabad S1 ; Rezaei N1, 5 ; Esfahani Z1 ; Rezaei N1, 5 ; Naghavi M3, 4 ; Larijani B5 ; Farzadfar F1, 5 ; Abbasikangevari M1 ; Abbasikangevari Z1 ; Abdoun M7 ; Abidi H8 ; Abrehdaritafreshi Z9 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Khanmohammadi S1, 6
  2. Moghaddam SS1, 2
  3. Azadnajafabad S1
  4. Rezaei N1, 5
  5. Esfahani Z1
  6. Rezaei N1, 5
  7. Naghavi M3, 4
  8. Larijani B5
  9. Farzadfar F1, 5
  10. Abbasikangevari M1
  11. Abbasikangevari Z1
  12. Abdoun M7
  13. Abidi H8
  14. Abrehdaritafreshi Z9
  15. Abuzaid A10, 11
  16. Ahmad A12
  17. Ahmadi S13
  18. Hamad HA14, 15
  19. Alessy SA16, 17
  20. Aljunid SM18, 19
  21. Amirbehghadami M20, 21
  22. Ansarimoghaddam A22
  23. Arabloo J23
  24. Azangoukhyavy M1, 24
  25. Baghcheghi N25
  26. Bajbouj K26
  27. Bijani A27
  28. Bilalaga MM28
  29. Bouaoud S29, 30
  30. Calina D31
  31. Cho WCS32
  32. Daar OB33
  33. Djalalinia S34
  34. Elghazaly H35, 36, 37, 38
  35. Feizkhah A39
  36. Ghashghaee A40
  37. Golitaleb M41
  38. Avval AH42
  39. Hafezinejad N6, 43
  40. Hamadeh RR44
  41. Jalili M45
  42. Jamshidi E46, 47
  43. Karimi A6
  44. Khader YS48
  45. Khanali J1, 24
  46. Kompani F49
  47. Koohestani HR50
  48. Bicer BK51
  49. Mafi AR52
  50. Mahmoodpoor A53
  51. Mohammadreza M54
  52. Malik AA55, 56
  53. Mirfakhraie R57
  54. Mohammadi E1, 6
  55. Momtazmanesh S1, 6
  56. Moradzadeh R58
  57. Moraga P59
  58. Natto ZS60, 61
  59. Noori M62
  60. Perna S63
  61. Pezzani R64, 65
  62. Pirestani M66
  63. Langroudi AP1
  64. Rabiee M67
  65. Rabiee N68, 69
  66. Rahmani S1, 70
  67. Redwan EMM71, 72
  68. Rezaei N1, 5
  69. Roshandel G75
  70. Sadeghi E76
  71. Farrokhi AS77
  72. Samy AM78
  73. Sathian B14, 79
  74. Shahabi S80
  75. Sharifirad J81
  76. Sheikhbahaei S43
  77. Varniab ZS1
  78. Shorofi SA82, 83
  79. Soodejani MT84
  80. Tbakhi A85
  81. Tehranibanihashemi A86, 87
  82. Tahbaz SV88, 89
  83. Jabbari SHY88
  84. Yousefi Z90
  85. Zamanian M58
  86. Zare I91
  87. Zarrintan A92
  88. Zoladl M93
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
  3. 3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  5. 5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria
  8. 8. Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  9. 9. Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  11. 11. College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
  12. 12. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
  13. 13. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  15. 15. Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  16. 16. Department of Public Health, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  17. 17. Centre for Cancer, Society & Public Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  18. 18. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
  19. 19. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  20. 20. Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  21. 21. Department of Health Service Management, Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz, Iran
  22. 22. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  23. 23. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  24. 24. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  26. 26. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  27. 27. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  28. 28. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  29. 29. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University Farhat Abbas, Setif, Algeria
  30. 30. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria
  31. 31. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
  32. 32. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
  33. 33. Department of Health Systems Management, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  34. 34. Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  35. 35. Department of Oncology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  36. 36. Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Cairo, Egypt
  37. 37. Muhammed Elhadi, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  38. 38. Rana Ezzeddini, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  39. 39. Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  40. 40. School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  41. 41. Department of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  42. 42. School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  43. 43. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  44. 44. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  45. 45. Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  46. 46. Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  47. 47. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
  48. 48. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  49. 49. Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  51. 51. Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
  52. 52. Department of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  53. 53. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  54. 54. NonCommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  55. 55. Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  56. 56. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  57. 57. Department of Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  58. 58. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  59. 59. Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  60. 60. Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  61. 61. Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  62. 62. Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  63. 63. Department of Biology, University of Bahrain, Sakir, Bahrain
  64. 64. Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
  65. 65. AIROB (Associazione Italiana Ricerca Oncologica di Base), Padova, Italy
  66. 66. Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  67. 67. Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  68. 68. School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  69. 69. Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
  70. 70. Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  71. 71. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt
  72. 72. Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt
  73. 73. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  74. 74. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  75. 75. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  76. 76. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  77. 77. Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
  78. 78. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  79. 79. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  80. 80. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  81. 81. Faculty of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay (Faculty of Medicine, University of Azuay), Cuenca, Ecuador
  82. 82. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  83. 83. Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  84. 84. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  85. 85. Department of Cell Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
  86. 86. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  87. 87. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  88. 88. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  89. 89. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  90. 90. Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  91. 91. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
  92. 92. Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  93. 93. Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Oncology Published:2023


Abstract

Objective: To provide estimates on the regional and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region. Methods and materials: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data were used. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), death, incidence, and prevalence rates were categorized by sex and age groups in the NAME region, in 21 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Decomposition analysis was performed to calculate the proportion of responsible factors in the emergence of new cases. Data are presented as point estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: In the NAME region, TBL cancer caused 15,396 and 57,114 deaths in women and men, respectively, in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 0.7% (95% UI -20.6 to 24.1) and reached 16.8 per 100,000 (14.9 to 19.0) in 2019. All the age-standardized indices had a decreasing trend in men and an increasing trend in women from 1990 to 2019. Turkey (34.9 per 100,000 [27.6 to 43.5]) and Sudan (8.0 per 100,000 [5.2 to 12.5]) had the highest and lowest age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) in 2019, respectively. The highest and lowest absolute slopes of change in ASPR, from 1990 to 2019, were seen in Bahrain (-50.0% (-63.6 to -31.7)) and the United Arab Emirates (-1.2% (-34.1 to 53.8)), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to risk factors was 58,816 (51,709 to 67,323) in 2019 and increased by 136.5%. Decomposition analysis showed that population growth and age structure change positively contributed to new incident cases. More than 80% of DALYs could be decreased by controlling risk factors, particularly tobacco use. Conclusion: The incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates of TBL cancer increased, and the death rate remained unchanged from 1990 to 2019. All the indices and contribution of risk factors decreased in men but increased in women. Tobacco is still the leading risk factor. Early diagnosis and tobacco cessation policies should be improved. Copyright © 2023 Khanmohammadi, Saeedi Moghaddam, Azadnajafabad, Rezaei, Esfahani, Rezaei, GBD 2019 NAME Tracheal, Bronchus and Lung Cancer Collaborators, Naghavi, Larijani and Farzadfar.
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