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Nutrient Patterns in Relation to Metabolic Health Status in Overweight and Obese Adolescents Publisher Pubmed



Rouhani P1 ; Mirzaei S2 ; Asadi A3 ; Akhlaghi M2 ; Saneei P4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2023


Abstract

The association between dietary nutrient patterns (NPs) and metabolic health status has not been investigated in adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NPs and metabolic health status in Iranian adolescents with overweight and obesity. In this cross-sectional study, 203 obese/overweight adolescents were selected using a multistage mass random sampling method. To assess usual dietary intakes, a validated food frequency questionnaire was applied. Data of anthropometric and blood pressure were collected. Insulin, lipid profile, and glucose levels were determined using fasting blood samples. Two approaches [International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and a combination of IDF with Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)] were applied to identify metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) adolescents. Participants had a mean age of 13.9 ± 1.61 years and 52.2% of them were girls. Three NPs were identified and labeled as high minerals and vitamins (NP1), high carbohydrate (NP2) and high fat and sodium (NP3). After adjustments for all potential confounders, no significant association was observed between higher adherence to NP1 and NP2 and odds of MUO; however, greater adherence to high fat and sodium NP was associated with higher odds of being MUO based on IDF (OR = 3.12; 95% CI 1.19, 8.09) and IDF/HOMA-IR (OR = 2.81; 95% CI 1.02, 7.74) definitions. Stratified analysis revealed that these associations were stronger in boys (versus girls) and obese (versus overweight) adolescents. In conclusion, high adherence to a high fat and sodium nutrient pattern was related to elevated chance of being MUO in Iranian adolescents, especially in boys and obese individuals. Therefore, less consumption of trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and sodium could be recommended to prevent MUO prevalence especially in boys with obesity. © 2023, The Author(s).
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