Apamin As a Bbb Shuttle and Its Effects on T Cell Population During the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Induced Model of Multiple Sclerosis Publisher Pubmed



Fattahi H¹ ; Esmaeil N² ; Aliomrani M^{1, 3} Show Affiliations
Source: Neurotoxicity Research Published:2021

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system presented by autoimmune manifestations. This study aimed at investigating the effects of apamin administration on the activated T cell population in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model. Thirty mice underwent EAE induction and were then randomly divided into 5 groups. Three groups received 10, 50, and 100 µg/kg apamin; the fourth group received 1 mg/kg dexamethasone; and the fifth group received the equivalent amount of PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) intraperitoneally. Peripheral CD4 + cell and memory T cell distribution was measured with a flow cytometer every week. Also, CD4 + and CD8 + cell infiltration to the brain was assessed with immunohistochemistry. It was observed that the group receiving 50 µg/kg apamin had a lower EAE score in comparison with the groups receiving 100 µg/kg apamin (p 0.014). Also, peripheral blood memory cells with CD44 + , CD62L − , and CD4 + markers were decreased in apamin-administered groups. Regarding the infiltrated CD8 + cells, a significant decrease (p 0.002) was observed in the group receiving 50 µg/kg apamin compared with the control group. These results indicate that 50-µg/kg doses of apamin had an effective treatment over 14 days; it reduced both the severity of symptoms and the infiltration of CD8 + cells into the CNS. Moreover, it increased myelin density and decreased the circulation of CD62L − , CD44L − , and CD44 + memory T cells. So, it appears that apamin plays a critical role in regulating immunity and reducing the complications of autoimmune MS. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.