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Neonate, Infant, and Child Mortality in North Africa and Middle East by Cause: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Publisher Pubmed



Sepanlou SG1, 2 ; Aliabadi HR3, 4 ; Abbasikangevari M5 ; Abolhassani H6, 7 ; Ahmadi A8, 9 ; Ahmadi S10 ; Akbarialiabad H11 ; Samakkhah SA12 ; Alipour V13, 14 ; Amiri S15 ; Amlashi FI16 ; Ansarimoghaddam A17 ; Anvari D18, 19 ; Arabloo J13 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Sepanlou SG1, 2
  2. Aliabadi HR3, 4
  3. Abbasikangevari M5
  4. Abolhassani H6, 7
  5. Ahmadi A8, 9
  6. Ahmadi S10
  7. Akbarialiabad H11
  8. Samakkhah SA12
  9. Alipour V13, 14
  10. Amiri S15
  11. Amlashi FI16
  12. Ansarimoghaddam A17
  13. Anvari D18, 19
  14. Arabloo J13
  15. Asadipooya AA20, 21
  16. Asemi Z22
  17. Athari SS23
  18. Azari S24
  19. Azizi H25, 26
  20. Bagherieh S27
  21. Bahrami Asl F28, 29
  22. Bijani A30
  23. Cheraghi M31
  24. Dodangeh M32
  25. Dorostkar F33
  26. Doshmangir L34
  27. Ebrahimi R35
  28. Eghbalian F36
  29. Eini E37
  30. Eskandarieh S38
  31. Esmaeilzadeh F39
  32. Farahmand F40
  33. Farzadfar F5
  34. Foroutan M41, 42
  35. Galehdar N43
  36. Ghaffari K44
  37. Ghamari SH5, 45
  38. Ghanbari R46
  39. Ghasemi Nour M47
  40. Gholamalizadeh M48
  41. Goharinezhad S49
  42. Goleij P50
  43. Hadei M51
  44. Hafezinejad N52, 53
  45. Hassani S54
  46. Hassanipour S55, 56
  47. Heidari M57
  48. Heidarisoureshjani R58
  49. Jaafari J59
  50. Jadidiniaragh F60
  51. Jalali A61, 62
  52. Jalili M63
  53. Jamshidi E64, 65
  54. Joukar F55, 56
  55. Kabir A66
  56. Kalankesh LR67
  57. Kalhor R68, 69
  58. Kamyari N70
  59. Karimi SE71
  60. Keikavoosiarani L72
  61. Khammarnia M73
  62. Khayamzadeh M74, 75
  63. Khayat Kashani HR76
  64. Kolahi AA45
  65. Koohestani HR77
  66. Madadizadeh F78
  67. Mahdavi M77
  68. Mahjoub S79, 80
  69. Mahmoudi R81
  70. Malakan Rad E82
  71. Maleki A35, 51
  72. Mansouri B62
  73. Mansournia MA83
  74. Mardi P84
  75. Marjani A85
  76. Masoumi SZ86
  77. Mirzaei M87
  78. Mohammadianhafshejani A8
  79. Mohammadshahi M88
  80. Mokari A89
  81. Mokdad AH90, 91
  82. Moosavi D32
  83. Moradi M92
  84. Moradzadeh M93
  85. Morovatdar N94
  86. Mouodi S30
  87. Nejadghaderi SA95, 96
  88. Nikoobar A45
  89. Nowroozi A53
  90. Okatialiabad H73
  91. Pakshir K97
  92. Pazoki Toroudi H98, 99
  93. Pourtaheri N100
  94. Rafiei A101, 102
  95. Rahimimovaghar V103
  96. Rahmani S5, 95
  97. Rahmanian V104
  98. Rajabpoursanati A105
  99. Rashidi MM5, 45
  100. Ravangard R106
  101. Rezaei N6, 107
  102. Rezaei Z108
  103. Rezaeian M109
  104. Riahi SM110
  105. Rostamian M111
  106. Sabour S9
  107. Sadeghi E112
  108. Sadeghian S113
  109. Sadeghian R114
  110. Sahebkar A115, 116
  111. Sahraian MA38
  112. Saki M117
  113. Salahi S66, 118
  114. Salamati P103
  115. Samadsoltani T119
  116. Sarveazad A120
  117. Shahabi S121
  118. Shamsi M122
  119. Sharafi K112
  120. Sheikhi RA123
  121. Sheikhtaheri A124
  122. Siabani S125, 126
  123. Tabatabai S127
  124. Taheri Soodejani M128
  125. Taherkhani A129
  126. Tiyuri A130, 131
  127. Valadan Tahbaz S132, 133
  128. Valizadeh R134
  129. Yousefinezhadi T135
  130. Yusefi H136
  131. Zare I137
  132. Zarea K138
  133. Zaroushani V139
  134. Zoladl M140
  135. Malekzadeh R1, 2
  136. Naghavi M90, 91
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
  5. 5. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
  8. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Food Hygiene, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
  13. 13. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  15. 15. Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  16. 16. Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  17. 17. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  18. 18. Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  19. 19. Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
  20. 20. Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  21. 21. Neurology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  22. 22. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  23. 23. Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  24. 24. Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  26. 26. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  28. 28. Environmental Health Engineering, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
  29. 29. Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  30. 30. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  31. 31. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  32. 32. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  33. 33. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  34. 34. Department of Health Policy and Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  35. 35. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  36. 36. Department of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  37. 37. Department of Orthodontics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  38. 38. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  39. 39. Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  40. 40. Department of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  41. 41. Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  42. 42. Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  43. 43. Department of Surgical Technology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  44. 44. Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
  45. 45. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  46. 46. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  47. 47. E-Learning Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  48. 48. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  49. 49. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  51. 51. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  52. 52. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  53. 53. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  54. 54. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  55. 55. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  56. 56. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  57. 57. Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  58. 58. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  59. 59. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  60. 60. Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  61. 61. Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  62. 62. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  63. 63. Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  64. 64. Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  65. 65. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
  66. 66. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  67. 67. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  68. 68. Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  69. 69. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  70. 70. Department of Public Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  71. 71. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  72. 72. Department of Healthcare Services Management, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  73. 73. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  74. 74. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  75. 75. Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  76. 76. Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  77. 77. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  78. 78. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  79. 79. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  80. 80. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  81. 81. Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  82. 82. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  83. 83. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  84. 84. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  85. 85. Department of Biochemistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  86. 86. Department of Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  87. 87. Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  88. 88. National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  89. 89. Department of Community Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  90. 90. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  91. 91. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  92. 92. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  93. 93. Joint, Bone, Connective tissue, Rheumatology Research Center (JBCRC), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  94. 94. Clinical Research Development Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  95. 95. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  96. 96. Department of Epidemiology, NonCommunicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  97. 97. Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  98. 98. Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  99. 99. Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  100. 100. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
  101. 101. Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  102. 102. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  103. 103. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  104. 104. Department of Community Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  105. 105. Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  106. 106. Department of Health Services Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  107. 107. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  108. 108. School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  109. 109. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  110. 110. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  111. 111. School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  112. 112. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  113. 113. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  114. 114. Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  115. 115. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  116. 116. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  117. 117. Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  118. 118. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products Department, Royan Institution, Tehran, Iran
  119. 119. Health Information Technology (HIT), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  120. 120. Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  121. 121. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  122. 122. Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  123. 123. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  124. 124. Department of Health Information Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  125. 125. Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  126. 126. School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  127. 127. Department of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  128. 128. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  129. 129. Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  130. 130. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  131. 131. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  132. 132. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  133. 133. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  134. 134. Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  135. 135. Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  136. 136. Department of Internal Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  137. 137. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
  138. 138. Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  139. 139. Department of Occupational Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  140. 140. Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine Published:2022


Abstract

Background: During the past three decades, neonate, infant, and child mortality declined in North Africa and Middle East. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in mortality rates across countries. Methods: This study is part of the Global Burden of Diseases study (GBD) 2019. We report the number as well as mortality rates for neonates, infants, and children by cause across 21 countries in the region since 1990. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, the neonate mortality rate in the region declined from 31.9 (29.8, 34.0) to 12.2 (11.1, 13.3) per 1000 live births. Respective figures for under 5 mortality rates (U5MRs) were 79.1 (75.7, 82.7) in 1990 and 24.4 (22.3, 26.7) per 1000 live births in 2019. The majority of deaths among children under 5 years were due to under 1 year deaths: 75.9% in 1990 and 81.8% in 2019. Mortality rates in males were higher than females. The mortality rate among neonates ranged from 2.4 (2.1, 2.6) per 1000 live births in Bahrain to 25.0 (21.6, 28.4) in Afghanistan in 2019. Similarly, in 2019, the U5MR ranged from 5.0 (4.2–6.0) per 1000 live births in United Arab Emirates to 55.3 (47.9–63.5) in Afghanistan. Neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and lower respiratory infections were the three main causes of neonate, infant, and child mortality in almost all countries in the region. Conclusion: In 2019, most countries in this region have achieved the SDG targets for neonate and child mortality. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity across countries. © 2022 Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All rights reserved.
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