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The Association Between Dietary Diversity Score and Odds of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Case-Control Study Publisher



Rezazadegan M1 ; Mirjalili F1 ; Jalilpiran Y2, 3 ; Aziz M4 ; Jayedi A5 ; Setayesh L6 ; Yekaninejad MS7 ; Casazza K8 ; Mirzaei K6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  5. 5. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Marieb College of Health and Human Services, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida, FL, United States

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2022


Abstract

A dietary diversity score (DDS) may be a useful strategy for monitoring risks associated with chronic diseases. Few studies have investigated the relationship between DDS and the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). A better understanding of the relationship between DDS and diabetic nephropathy (DN) may provide insight for monitoring the overall diet and clinical outcomes. This case-control study included 105 women with DN and 105 controls with age and diabetes duration-matched to evaluate the extent to which DDS is associated with DN. Dietary intake was assessed using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DDS was calculated based on the method using five food groups: bread/grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, and dairies. Conditional logistic regression was performed to examine the association between DDS and odds of DN. Anthropometric measures and physical activity levels were evaluated using standard protocols. In a fully adjusted model [controlled for age, body mass index (BMI), energy intake, physical activity, diabetes duration, cardiovascular disease history, and drug usage], greater adherence (the third vs. the first tertile) to DDS [odds ratio (OR) = 0.13; 95% CI (0.05–0.35)], vegetables group [OR = 0.09; 95% CI (0.02–0.36)], and fruits group [OR = 0.05; 95% CI (0.01–0.20)] were significantly associated with lower odds of DN. However, we did not observe any significant relationship between other DDS components and the odds of DN. Our findings showed that higher DDS might be associated with reduced odds of DN. However, more prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings. Copyright © 2022 Rezazadegan, Mirjalili, Jalilpiran, Aziz, Jayedi, Setayesh, Yekaninejad, Casazza and Mirzaei.
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