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Summer and Winter Variations of Btex Concentrations in an Oil Refinery Complex and Health Risk Assessment Based on Monte-Carlo Simulations Publisher Pubmed



Khoshakhlagh AH1 ; Yazdanirad S2, 3 ; Mousavi M4 ; Gruszeckakosowska A5 ; Shahriyari M6 ; Rajabivardanjani H3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  2. 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  4. 4. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
  6. 6. Unaffiliated, Tehran, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2023


Abstract

The summer and winter concentrations of BTEX pollutants were investigated in various workplaces of an oil Refinery, Iran. In total 252 air samples from the breathing zones of the following employees were collected: supervisors, safetymen, repairmen, site men, and all workers. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values were calculated based on the USEPA methodology using Monte Carlo simulations. BTEX concentrations were higher in the summer than in the winter season for all workstations, especially for toluene and ethylbenzene. The mean values of exposure to benzene for repairmen and site men were higher than threshold limit value of 1.60 mg/m3 for both seasons. Non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values calculated for summer season for benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in all workstations, as well as for toluene for repairmen and site men exceeded acceptable level of 1. In winter season the mean HQ values for benzene and xylene in all workstations, for toluene for repairmen and site men, and for ethylbenzene for supervisors, repairmen, and site men were also > 1. For all workstations definite carcinogenic risk was indicated as calculated LCR values for benzene and ethylbenzene exposure were higher than 1 × 10–4 in both summer and winter seasons. © 2023, The Author(s).
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