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Association Between Dietary Phytochemical Index and Risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Case-Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Mousavi SN1, 2 ; Nouri M3 ; Yousefi Rad E4 ; Kazemi R6 ; Birjandi M5 ; Coe S4 ; Saboori S4, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  3. 3. Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  4. 4. Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health (OxBCNH), Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
  5. 5. Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Urology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Dietary intake of phytochemicals has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, but research on their relationship with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is limited. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between a Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and BPH risk in a Middle-Eastern population. Methods: The study recruited 112 BPH patients and 112 age-matched healthy controls (40–75 years) from Al-Zahra Hospital Clinic in Isfahan, Iran between 2021 and 2022. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and DPI was calculated as the ratio of energy intake from phytochemical-rich foods to total daily energy intake. Logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: In the crude model, participants in the highest DPI tertile had a 70% lower odds of BPH compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR:0.3, 95% CI 0.15–0.61, P-trend = 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, this inverse association remained significant (OR:0.23, 95% CI 0.15–0.63, P-trend = 0.001). Participants with higher DPI consumed more whole grains (p = 0.02), nuts (p < 0.001), legumes (p = 0.02), fruits (p < 0.001), vegetables (p < 0.001), olives and oilve products (p = 0.02), and tomato and its products (p < 0.001) in their diet compared to the lowest tertile. However, red meat (p = 0.03) and refined grains (p < 0.001) were consumed in higher amounts in the lowest tertile compared to the highest DPI tertile. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a protective association between DPI and BPH risk in the Middle-Eastern population. Encouraging higher intake of phytochemical-rich foods may help reduce the risk of BPH, highlighting the relevance of nutritional science in promoting prostate health. © The Author(s) 2024.
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