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The Influence of Gender and Place of Residence on Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors. the Isfahan Cohort Study Pubmed



Sarrafzadegan N1 ; Talaei M1 ; Kelishadi R1 ; Toghianifar N1 ; Sadeghi M2 ; Oveisgharan S1 ; Kabiri P3 ; Tavassoli A1 ; Mohammadifard N1 ; Thomas GN4 ; Marshall T4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, PO Box 814651148, Iran
  2. 2. Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Public Health and Biostatistics, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Source: Saudi Medical Journal Published:2012


Abstract

Objectives: To determine the impact of gender and place of residence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and related risk factors. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 6323 participants free of CVD (3255 women), with age of more than 35 years from 3 cities (Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak) and their rural districts in central Iran were followed-up from 2001 to 2007. This study was carried out at the Cardiovascular Research Institute of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Endpoints were defined as fatal- and nonfatal myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, unstable angina and stroke that constituted CVD events. Results: Subjects in the rural area had significantly better risk factor profile in terms of most CVD risk factors in both genders, but it was reverse for low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in both genders, and smoking in men. Except for smoking, men had an overall better risk factor profile compared to women. The age and risk factors adjusted hazard ratio of living in rural area was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.99) for men, and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.44-0.91) for women. The age of CVD occurrence was similar in men and women, and in rural and urban areas. Hypertension was the strongest predictor of these events except for rural men showing that high LDL-cholesterol was the strongest risk factor. Conclusion: The findings in this study documented differences in CVD risk factors affecting the occurrence of CVD events according to gender and place of residence. Such differences should be taken into account in future preventive public health strategies for CVD prevention.
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