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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Insulin Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Gestational Diabetes: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Publisher Pubmed



Samimi M1 ; Jamilian M2 ; Asemi Z3 ; Esmaillzadeh A4, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  3. 3. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  4. 4. Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Clinical Nutrition Published:2015


Abstract

Background & aims: We are aware of no study that examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes (GDM). This study was designed to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on insulin concentrations and lipid profiles among pregnant women with GDM. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 56 women with GDM. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 1000mg omega-3 fatty acid supplements containing 180mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120mg docosahexanoic acid (n=28) or placebo (n=28) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at study baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention to quantify biochemical variables. Results: Although omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not led to a significant change in serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR in omega-3 fatty acid group, we found a significant difference in changes in serum insulin levels (change from baseline:-1.5±7.5 vs.+3.5±8.5μIU/mL, P=0.02) and HOMA-IR (-0.4±2.1 vs.+1.1±2.4, P=0.02) comparing the two groups. Furthermore, a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels was seen after omega-3 fatty acid supplementation compared with placebo (-236.3±1541.9 vs. 898.6±2292.7ng/mL, P=0.03). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not influence fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment-Beta cell function (HOMA-B), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and lipid profiles. Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in GDM women had beneficial effects on insulin resistance, however, it did not affect plasma glucose, HOMA-B, QUICKI and lipid profiles. Clinical registration number: www.irct.ir as IRCT201312265623N16. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
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