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Decrease of Tregs Cells and Increase of Exhausted Treg Cells As the Predictors of Covid19 Severity Publisher



Mirniam SM1 ; Andalib A1 ; Radandish M1 ; Sami R2 ; Esmaeil N1, 3, 4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Pooya Zist-Mabna Hakim Company, Poursina Hakim Institute, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Journal of Clinical Virology Plus Published:2024


Abstract

Background: T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in viral infectious immunity. Exhaustion of T cells during infection and decreased Tregs both contribute to the exacerbation of the disease. In the present study, we assessed T cells and regulatory T cells of COVID-19 patients and a control group according to the expression of the PD-1 molecule. Methods: Forty-two COVID-19 patients and 40 controls were enrolled in the study. In COVID-19 patients, blood samples were collected on the first day of their hospitalization. Regulatory T cells (CD4+, CD25+, FOXP3+), CD4+PD-1+, and PD-1+ regulatory T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: The percentage of CD4+PD-1 + T cells in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of PD-1+ regulatory T cells was significantly increased in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). However, the Treg percentage was significantly decreased in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). The frequency of CD4+PD-1 + T cells, Tregs, and PD-1+ Tregs had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for assisting in the diagnosis of severe/critical COVID-19. The declined Tregs and enhanced CD4+CD25+, CD4+PD-1+, and PD-1 + T cells were associated with disease severity. Conclusion: The decrease in Tregs and the increase in exhaustion of these cells and T cells play an important role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. These immune parameters could be used as meaningful indicators for assisting in the diagnosis of severe/critical COVID-19. © 2024 The Author(s)
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