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Endurance Exercise Improves Avoidance Learning and Spatial Memory, Through Changes in Genes of Gaba and Relaxin-3, in Rats Publisher Pubmed



Sinaei M1 ; Alaei H2 ; Nazem F3 ; Kargarfard M4 ; Feizi A5 ; Talebi A6 ; Esmaeili A7 ; Nobari H8 ; Perezgomez J9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of School of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, 18010, Spain
  9. 9. HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain

Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Published:2021


Abstract

Different exercise patterns, neurotransmitters, and some genes have numerous effects on learning and memory. This research aims to investigate the long-term effects of submaximal aerobic exercise on spatial memory (SM), passive avoidance learning (PAL), levels of serum relaxin-3, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), RLN3 gene, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67 genes) in the brainstem of adult male Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: aerobic exercise groups, performed on a treadmill running (TR), for 5 weeks (Ex5, n = 10), 10 weeks (Ex10, n = 10), involuntary running wheel group for 5 weeks (IRW5, n = 10), sham (Sh, n = 10) and control (Co, n = 10). Consequently, SM, PAL, serum relaxin-3, GABA, and GAD65/67 and RLN3 genes were measured by ELISA and PCR. Ex5, Ex10 and IRW5 improved significantly SM (p ≤ 0.05), PAL (p ≤ 0.001) and decreased significantly relaxin-3 (p ≤ 0.001). RLN3 in the brain also decreased. However, it was not significant. GABA and GAD65/GAD67 increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in Ex5, Ex10 compared to Sh and Co. Aerobic exercise enhanced SM and PAL in Ex compared to Co and Sh. However, duration and type of exercise affected the level of enhancement. The serum relaxin-3 and RLN3 gene displayed reverse functions compared to GABA and GAD65/67 genes in Ex. Therefore, the changes of neurotransmitters in serum relaxin-3, GABA, and their genes: RLN3 and GAD65/67 respectively, influenced learning and memory meaningfully. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
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