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Virtual Reality and Cardiac Diseases: A Systematic Review of Applications and Effects Publisher Pubmed



Bouraghi H1 ; Mohammadpour A1 ; Khodaveisi T1 ; Ghazisaeedi M2 ; Saeedi S1, 3 ; Familgarosian S4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  4. 4. School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Source: Journal of Healthcare Engineering Published:2023


Abstract

Introduction. Cardiac diseases have grown significantly in recent years, causing many deaths globally. Cardiac diseases can impose a significant economic burden on societies. The development of virtual reality technology has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the applications and effects of virtual reality (VR) technology on cardiac diseases. Methods. A comprehensive search was carried out in four databases, including Scopus, Medline (through PubMed), Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify related articles published until May 25, 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline for systematic reviews was followed. All randomized trials that investigated the effects of virtual reality on cardiac diseases were included in this systematic review. Results. Twenty-six studies were included in this systematic review. The results illustrated that virtual reality applications in cardiac diseases can be classified in three categories of physical rehabilitation, psychological rehabilitation, and education/training. This study revealed that the use of virtual reality in psychological and physical rehabilitation can reduce stress, emotional tension, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) total score, anxiety, depression, pain, systolic blood pressure, and length of hospitalization. Finally, the use of virtual reality in education/training can enhance technical performance, increase the speed of procedures, and improve the user's skills, level of knowledge, and self-confidence as well as facilitate learning. Also, the most limitations mentioned in the studies included small sample size and lack of or short duration of follow-up. Conclusions. The results showed that the positive effects of using virtual reality in cardiac diseases are much more than its negative effects. Considering that the most limitations mentioned in the studies were the small sample size and short duration of follow-up, it is necessary to conduct studies with adequate methodological quality to report their effects in the short term and long term. © 2023 Hamid Bouraghi et al.
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