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In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Luliconazole, Efinaconazole, and Nine Comparators Against Aspergillus and Candida Strains Isolated From Otomycosis Publisher



Shokoohi G1 ; Rouhi R2 ; Etehadnezhad M1 ; Ahmadi B3 ; Javidnia J4 ; Nouripoursisakht S5 ; Hooshmand F6 ; Rezaeimatehkolaei A7 ; Tabatabaeifar SN8 ; Ansari S9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Otorhinolaryngology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  5. 5. Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  7. 7. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Internal Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Aspergillus and Candida species are the most commonly identified fungal pathogens in otomycosis. However, we usually encounter some difficulties in its treatment because many patients show resistance to antifungal agents and present a high recurrence rate. Objectives: The current research was conducted to compare the in vitro activities of luliconazole (LUL), and efinaconazole (EFN) and the nine comparators on Aspergillus and Candida strains isolated from otomycosis. Methods: The in vitro activities of nine common antifungal drugs (amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole (VRC), fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KTO), clotrimazole (CLO), nystatin (NYS), terbinafine (TRB), and caspofungin (CAS)) and two novel new azoles (LUL and EFN) against of 108 clinical isolates of Aspergillus and Candida species obtained from otomycosis were assessed according to the CLSI broth microdilution document. Results: The LUL and EFN had the geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (GM MICs) of 0.098 and 0.109 µg/mL against all Aspergillus strains, respectively. Furthermore, the GM MICs of all Candida isolates for LUL, EFN, CAS, CLO, VRC, AMB, ITC, KTO, FLU, NYS, and TRB were calculated to be 0.133, 0.144, 0.194, 0.219, 0.475, 0.537, 0.655, 1.277, 4.905, 9.372, and 13.592 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, 6 (35.29%), 2 (11.7%), and 1 (5.88%) Candida isolates were resistant to FLU, CAS, and VRC, respectively. Conclusions: As the findings indicated, LUL and EFN showed the lowest GM MIC values against the examined species. Accordingly, these novel imidazole and triazole antifungal agents can be regarded as proper candidates for the treatment of otomycosis caused by Aspergillus and Candida strains. © 2021, Author(s).
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