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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Rapidly Progressing Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Literature Review Based on Case Report Publisher



Senobari N1 ; Nazari R1 ; Ebrahimi P2 ; Soleimani H2 ; Taheri M2 ; Hosseini K2 ; Taheri H3 ; Siegel RJ3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, 1411713138, Iran
  3. 3. Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Source: International Journal of Emergency Medicine Published:2024


Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac amyloidosis is a rarely reported and potentially fatal variant of the systemic disease. Its early diagnosis could potentially lead to significantly improved clinical outcomes. Case presentation: A 56-year-old female presented with dyspnea and palpitations. Her physical exam and non-invasive evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) revealed restrictive cardiomyopathy, and the bone marrow biopsy results showed systemic amyloidosis. Discussion: The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is not always straightforward, and delay can cause the progression of the disease and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic evaluation are the main methods for diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis. The treatment consists of controlling heart failure symptoms and disease-modifying interventions, including medical and surgical therapeutic methods. Clinical learning point (conclusion): Cardiac involvement is the main cause of death in systemic amyloidosis. Early suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial in improving patients’ survival. CMRI can play an essential role in the diagnosis of cardiac Amyloidosis. A graphical abstract is provided for visual summary. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2024.