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Alcohol Consumption Among Iranian Population Based on the Findings of Steps Survey 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Hajebi A1 ; Nasserinejad M1, 2 ; Rezaei N1 ; Azadnajafabad S1 ; Rashidi MM1 ; Ahmadi N1 ; Ghasemi E1 ; Farzi Y1 ; Yoosefi M1 ; Djalalinia S3 ; Fattahi N1 ; Rezaei S1, 4 ; Foroutan Mehr E1 ; Kazemi A1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Hajebi A1
  2. Nasserinejad M1, 2
  3. Rezaei N1
  4. Azadnajafabad S1
  5. Rashidi MM1
  6. Ahmadi N1
  7. Ghasemi E1
  8. Farzi Y1
  9. Yoosefi M1
  10. Djalalinia S3
  11. Fattahi N1
  12. Rezaei S1, 4
  13. Foroutan Mehr E1
  14. Kazemi A1
  15. Haghshenas R1
  16. Rezaee K1, 5
  17. Momen Nia Rankohi A1
  18. Afsari M6
  19. Mahdavihezaveh A7
  20. Jamshidi H8
  21. Farzadfar F1, 5
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
  3. 3. Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  5. 5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. NCD Management Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2024


Abstract

Alcohol production and consumption have been prohibited in Iran for over four decades, leading to a typical underestimation of its consumption. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption, its associated factors, and estimate per capita alcohol consumption among Iran’s adult population. In this population-based survey, 27,874 adults from across Iran were selected using systematic proportional-to-size cluster sampling. Alcohol consumption was evaluated through a modified Persian version of the STEPS questionnaires from previous studies, applied over different timespans. Per capita consumption was calculated using the quantity-frequency method, expressed in liters of pure alcohol. Adjusted odds ratios were reported for associates of alcohol consumption concerning metabolic risk factors, sociodemographic elements, and lifestyle variables. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption was 6.9% (95% CI 6.5–7.2) in the adult population, with a notable sex difference (males: 13.7% [95% CI 13–14.4]; females: 1.4% [95% CI 1.1–1.6]). The 12 month prevalence was 3.8% (95% CI 3.6–4.1). For individuals aged 18 and older, the per capita alcohol consumption in Iran was 0.12 L. Factors such as being a lifetime smoker, younger, wealthier, and having 7–12 years of education were significantly linked to higher alcohol consumption. Significant associations were also observed between alcohol consumption and having a history of heart attacks (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.44–2.89), and physical injuries (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.34–2.64). The estimated lifetime and 12-month prevalence of alcohol use in our study were higher among some of the subpopulations. The findings also revealed a complex relationship between alcohol consumption, behavioral risk factors, and metabolic profiles. Consequently, immediate preventive measures tailored to each factor’s association with alcohol use are recommended. © The Author(s) 2024.
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