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Association of Dietary Phytochemical Index With Metabolic Markers, Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Atherogenic Indices in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Publisher



Amirkhizi F1 ; Taghizadeh M2 ; Hamedishahraki S3 ; Asghari S2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No#44, Hojjatdoust St., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 141556117, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Bagheri St., Shahid Rajaei St, Zabol, 9861615881, Iran

Source: Nutrition and Metabolism Published:2025


Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Plant-based diets are associated with reduced CVD risk factors. This study aimed to explore the associations between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and other metabolic biomarkers in women with PCOS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 females aged 18–45 years diagnosed with PCOS were recruited. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to gather the relevant demographic characteristics, detailed clinical information, and lifestyle habits of participants. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and DPI was calculated accordingly. We used multiple linear regression to determine the association between serum concentrations of ADMA, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), fasting serum glucose (FSG), insulin, and lipid profile, as well as atherogenic indices across quartiles of DPI. Results: There was a negative correlation between the DPI and serum levels of ADMA (p-trend = 0.022), triglycerides (TG) (p-trend = 0.003), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL) (p-trend = 0.001), insulin (p-trend = 0.045) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p-trend = 0.018). Moreover, there was a tendency for visceral adiposity index (VAI) (p-trend = 0.005) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (p-trend = 0.001) to decrease as the quartile categories of DPI increased. No significant regular trend was found for serum levels of FSG, SHBG, total testosterone, other lipid profiles, and lipid accumulation product (LAP). Conclusions: These findings suggest that adherence to a phytochemical-rich diet decrease the CVD risk factors in PCOS patients. © The Author(s) 2025.
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