Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water

Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water Publisher

Abolli S^{1, 2} ; Soleimani H^{1, 2} ; Askari M¹ ; Ghani M¹ ; Oskoei V³ ; Alimohammadi M^{1, 4, 5}

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1. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Studentâ€™s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
4. Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5. Health Equity Research Centre (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry Published:2023

Abstract

This survey analysed 71 bottled water brands in Tehran, Iran. The laboratory analysis was investigated for ten physicochemical parameters and 16 elements, including heavy metals comprising (bicarbonate, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), Na, Mg, Ca, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ba, and, Zn). Statistical analysis were performed with R software. The water quality index (WQI) approach was applied to investigate water quality, the carcinogen risk (CR) and hazard index (HI) methods were used for assessing the health risks, and the cumulative impacts of heavy metals were evaluated with contamination degree (Cd) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI). The results showed that among the physicochemical parameters, EC, TDS, TH, and HCO3 and heavy metals like Sr > Zn > Cu > Ni had the Highest values. The WQI value in totals was 91.86 and had good quality class, and the order was good (60.56%), poor (35.21%), and very poor bottled water (4.22%). The correlation results demonstrated that WQI ~ Fe and Zn ~ Mn had significant correlation coefficients (r = 1). Moreover, there is a significant correlation between TH with Mg and Ca and also between HCO3 with EC, TH, and Ca, and then between SO4 with Na. Carcinogen risk for Cr in children and adults was 2 × 10−4 and 6 × 10−4, respectively. The responsible pollutants in non-carcinogen risk assessment were F and NO3, and their HI was greater than one in adult and child subgroups. The values of Cd and HEI were lower than critical limits. Also, Pb had a significant correlation with Cd and HEI (r = 1). This study revealed that bottled water contains minerals and may possess heavy metals, which pose significant human health risks, especially for children. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Abolli S, et al.. "Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, vol. , no. , 2023, pp. -.
APA	Abolli S, Soleimani H, Askari M, Ghani M, Oskoei V, Alimohammadi M (2023). Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, (), -.
Chicago	Abolli S, Soleimani H, Askari M, Ghani M, Oskoei V, Alimohammadi M. "Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , no. (2023): -.
Harvard	Abolli S et al. (2023) 'Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water', International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, (), pp. -.
Vancouver	Abolli S, Soleimani H, Askari M, Ghani M, Oskoei V, Alimohammadi M. Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2023;():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Abolli S and Soleimani H and Askari M and Ghani M and Oskoei V and Alimohammadi M}, title = {Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2023} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Abolli S AU - Soleimani H AU - Askari M AU - Ghani M AU - Oskoei V AU - Alimohammadi M TI - Health Risk Assessment According to Exposure With Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters; Water Quality Index and Contamination Degree Evaluation in Bottled Water JO - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry VL - IS - SP - EP - PY - 2023 ER -

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Abstract