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Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Asthma Pubmed



Alizadeh Z1 ; Mortaz E2, 3 ; Adcock I4 ; Moin M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Source: Iranian Journal of Allergy# Asthma and Immunology Published:2017


Abstract

Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous and chronic airway inflammatory disease with different clinical phenotypes caused by diverse triggers and pathophysiological mechanisms. Asthma heritability has been established in many genetic studies but it is evident that only genetic elements are not responsible for the development of asthma. Increasing rate of asthma incidence during past decades has implicated the role of epigenetics in development of asthma. Environmental factors perform as initiator signals through epigenetic mechanisms. Three epigenetic mechanisms have been identified, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small noncoding RNAs. These mechanisms regulate the immune responses and inflammatory genes expression in asthma and allergy. This review explains the role of epigenetic modifications in controlling Th2 response and IgE production in asthma and also briefly overviews the role of environmental factors such as pollutions, allergens, prenatal exposures and diet in developing asthma. Recognizing environmental risk factors and their effects on epigenetic mechanisms would be of great interest for prognostic and preventive aspect in treatment of asthma. Copyright © Spring 2017, Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. All rights reserved.
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