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Global, Regional, and National Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Milk: A Systematic Assessment of Beverage Intake in 187 Countries Publisher Pubmed



Singh GM1 ; Micha R1, 5 ; Khatibzadeh S2 ; Shi P1 ; Lim S3 ; Andrews KG3, 9 ; Engell RE3 ; Ezzati M4 ; Mozaffarian D1 ; Fahimi S6 ; Powles J6 ; Elmadfa I7, 33 ; Rao M8 ; Wirojratana P2 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Singh GM1
  2. Micha R1, 5
  3. Khatibzadeh S2
  4. Shi P1
  5. Lim S3
  6. Andrews KG3, 9
  7. Engell RE3
  8. Ezzati M4
  9. Mozaffarian D1
  10. Fahimi S6
  11. Powles J6
  12. Elmadfa I7, 33
  13. Rao M8
  14. Wirojratana P2
  15. Abbott PA10
  16. Abdollahi M11
  17. Gilardon EA12
  18. Ahsan H13
  19. Al Nsour MAA14
  20. Alhooti SN15
  21. Arambepola C16
  22. Arennes H17
  23. Arquera S18
  24. Aylin A19
  25. Becker W20
  26. Bjerregaard P21
  27. Bourne LT22
  28. Calleja N23
  29. Capanzana MV24
  30. Castetbon K25
  31. Chang HY26
  32. Chen Y27
  33. Cowan MJ28
  34. De Henauw S29
  35. Ding EL30
  36. Duante CA31
  37. Duran P32
  38. Arbieri HE34
  39. Farzadfar F35
  40. Fernando DN16
  41. Hadziomeragic AF36
  42. Fisberg RM37
  43. Forsyth S38
  44. Garriguet D39
  45. Gaspoz JM40
  46. Gauci D23
  47. Ginnela BNV41
  48. Guessous I42
  49. Gulliford MC43
  50. Hadden W10
  51. Haerpfer C10
  52. Hoffman DJ44
  53. Houshiarrad A45
  54. Huybrechts I29
  55. Hwalla NC46
  56. Ibrahim HM47
  57. Inoue M48
  58. Jackson MD49
  59. Johansson L50
  60. Keinanboker L51
  61. Kim CI52
  62. Koksal E53
  63. Lee HJ54
  64. Li Y54
  65. Lipoeto NI55
  66. Ma G56
  67. Mangialavori GL32
  68. Matsumura Y57
  69. Mcgarvey ST58
  70. Chan MF59
  71. Mensink GBM59
  72. Mongerojas RA60
  73. Musaiger AO61
  74. Balakrishna N62
  75. Naska A63
  76. Ocke MC64
  77. Oltarzewski M65
  78. Orfanos P63
  79. Ovaskainen ML66
  80. Pan WH67
  81. Panagiotakos DB68
  82. Pekcan GA69
  83. Petrova S70
  84. Piaseu N71
  85. Pitsavos C72
  86. Posada LG73
  87. Riley LM28
  88. Sanchezromero LM74
  89. Selamat RBT75
  90. Sharma S46
  91. Sibai AM46
  92. Sichieri R76
  93. Simmala C77
  94. Steingrimsdottir L78
  95. Swan G79
  96. Sygnowska EH79
  97. Szponar L65
  98. Tapanainen H66
  99. Templeton R80
  100. Thanopoulou A80
  101. Thorgeirsdottir H78
  102. Thorsdottir I81
  103. Trichopoulou A81
  104. Tsugane S82
  105. Turrini A83
  106. Vaask S84
  107. Van Oosterhout C64
  108. Veerman JL85
  109. Verena N86
  110. Waskiewicz A86
  111. Zaghloul S87
  112. Zajkas G88
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Health Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  3. 3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Global Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  5. 5. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  6. 6. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  7. 7. Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  8. 8. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
  9. 9. African Leaders Malaria Alliance, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  10. 10. University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  11. 11. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Iran
  12. 12. Ministerio de Salud, Argentina
  13. 13. University of Chicago, United States
  14. 14. Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Jordan
  15. 15. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, Kuwait
  16. 16. Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
  17. 17. Institut Francophone Pour la Medecine Tropicale, Laos
  18. 18. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica (INSP), Mexico
  19. 19. University of Michigan, United States
  20. 20. National Food Agency, Sweden
  21. 21. National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
  22. 22. Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa
  23. 23. Department of Health Information and Research, Malta
  24. 24. Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Philippines
  25. 25. Institut de Veille Sanitaire, France
  26. 26. National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
  27. 27. New York University School of Medicine, United States
  28. 28. WHO, Switzerland
  29. 29. Ghent University, Department of Public Health, Belgium
  30. 30. Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, United States
  31. 31. Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Philippines
  32. 32. Direccion Nacional de Maternidad e Infancia, Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion (National Health Ministry), Argentina
  33. 33. Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
  34. 34. National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
  35. 35. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  36. 36. Institute of Public Health of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  37. 37. Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
  38. 38. School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Australia
  39. 39. Statistics Canada, Canada
  40. 40. Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland
  41. 41. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, India
  42. 42. Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
  43. 43. King's College London, United Kingdom
  44. 44. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
  45. 45. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  46. 46. American University of Beirut, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lebanon
  47. 47. Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam
  48. 48. Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Japan
  49. 49. University of the West Indies, Jamaica
  50. 50. Norwegian Direct. of Health, Norway
  51. 51. Ministry of Health, Israel
  52. 52. Korea Health Industry Development Institute, South Korea
  53. 53. Gazi University, Turkey
  54. 54. Harvard School of Public Health, United States
  55. 55. Andalas University, Indonesia
  56. 56. National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
  57. 57. Bunkyo University, Japan
  58. 58. Brown University, United States
  59. 59. Robert Koch Institute, Germany
  60. 60. Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education and Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Costa Rica
  61. 61. Arab Center for Nutrition, Bahrain
  62. 62. National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
  63. 63. Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Greece
  64. 64. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
  65. 65. National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland
  66. 66. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
  67. 67. Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
  68. 68. Harokopio University, Greece
  69. 69. Hacettepe University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Turkey
  70. 70. National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Bulgaria
  71. 71. Mahidol University, Thailand
  72. 72. Athens University Medical School, Greece
  73. 73. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
  74. 74. National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
  75. 75. Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
  76. 76. State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  77. 77. Institut of Tropical Medecin, Laos
  78. 78. Direct. of Health, Iceland
  79. 79. National Institute of Cardiology, Poland
  80. 80. Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece
  81. 81. Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece
  82. 82. National Cancer Center, Japan
  83. 83. National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Italy
  84. 84. Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
  85. 85. University of Queensland, Australia
  86. 86. Institute of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Epidemiology, Prevention and Health Promotion, Poland
  87. 87. National Nutrition Institute, Egypt
  88. 88. National Institute of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Hungary

Source: PLoS ONE Published:2015


Abstract

Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juice, and milk are components of diet of major public health interest. To-date, assessment of their global distributions and health impacts has been limited by insufficient comparable and reliable data by country, age, and sex. Objective To quantify global, regional, and national levels of SSB, fruit juice, and milk intake by age and sex in adults over age 20 in 2010. Methods We identified, obtained, and assessed data on intakes of these beverages in adults, by age and sex, from 193 nationally- or subnationally-representative diet surveys worldwide, representing over half the world's population. We also extracted data relevant to milk, fruit juice, and SSB availability for 187 countries from annual food balance information collected by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modeling uncertainty, and to combine and harmonize nationally representative dietary survey data and food availability data. Results In 2010, global average intakes were 0.58 (95%UI: 0.37, 0.89) 8 oz servings/day for SSBs, 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) for fruit juice, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for milk. There was significant heterogeneity in consumption of each beverage by region and age. Intakes of SSB were highest in the Caribbean (1.9 servings/day; 1.2, 3.0); fruit juice consumption was highest in Australia and New Zealand (0.66; 0.35, 1.13); and milk intake was highest in Central Latin America and parts of Europe (1.06; 0.68, 1.59). Intakes of all three beverages were lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Globally and within regions, SSB consumption was highest in younger adults; fruit juice consumption showed little relation with age; and milk intakes were highest in older adults. Conclusions Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy. © 2015 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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