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Aluminum Phosphide Publisher



Ataei M1 ; Mehrpour O2, 3 ; Abdollahi M1, 4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Data Science Institute, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
  3. 3. Michigan Poison & Drug Information Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
  4. 4. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

Source: Encyclopedia of Toxicology# Fourth Edition: Volume 1-9 Published:2023


Abstract

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a highly effective outdoor and indoor insecticide and rodenticide. Moisture in the air mixes with phosphide grains and sets off phosphine (hydrogen phosphide, phosphorus trihydride, PH3), which is the active form of AlP. Exposure occurs mainly in cases of acute poisoning with suicidal intent. AlP inhibits cytochrome oxidase, interferes with cellular respiration, and induces severe oxidative stress. The main manifestations of AlP poisoning are severe metabolic acidosis and severe and refractory cardiogenic shock. There is no antidote available, and the treatment is mainly supportive. However, new and novel treatment potentials are proposed. The mortality rate in AlP-poisoning cases is 30-100%. Therefore, prognostic factors to better indicate the risk of mortality have been studied. Ecotoxicity is another crucial issue affecting environmental health, and novel AlP detection approaches like artificial intelligence are addressed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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