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Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Tramadol in Human Plasma Publisher



Habibollahi P1, 2 ; Samadi A3 ; Garjani A2 ; Vahdati SS4 ; Sargazi HR5 ; Jouyban A1, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  3. 3. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  4. 4. Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  6. 6. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Current Analytical Chemistry Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Tramadol, (±)-trans-2-[(dimethylamino) methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol, is a synthetic centrally acting analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to chronic pain. Tramadol, like other narcotic drugs, is used for the treatment of pain and may also be abused. Its overdose can cause adverse effects such as dizziness, vomiting, and nausea. The aim of this paper is to develop a sample preparation method for the determination of tramadol in human plasma samples, followed by CE analysis. Methods: Ultrasound assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using binary mixed extractant solvent (chloroform and ethyl acetate) was used for the extraction of one hundred microliters of tra-madol spiked human plasma samples and in real human plasma samples obtained from the patients with abuse of tramadol. After evaporation of the extractant solvent, the residue was reconstituted in 100 µL deionized water and subsequently analyzed by CE-UV. Results: The developed method has remarkable characteristics, including simplicity, good repeatabil-ity and appreciable accuracy. Under the best extraction conditions, a low limit of detection at 7.0 µg per liter level with good linearity in the range of 0.02-10 µg mL-1 was obtained. Conclusion: UA-DLLME, using a binary mixed extraction solvent, was established for the determination of tramadol in human plasma samples via the CE method with UV-detection. In addition, the analysis of tramadol in some plasma samples of patients with abuse of tramadol indicated that the method has acceptable performance for the determination of tramadol in plasma samples, which in-dicates that the method is suitable for clinical applications. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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