Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! By
Dietary Intake of Animal and Plant Proteins and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality: Results From the Golestan Cohort Study Publisher Pubmed



F Shiraseb FARIDEH ; Aa Keshtkar Abbasali ALI ; H Poustchi HOSSEIN ; A Pourshams AKRAM ; A Etemadi ARASH ; F Kamangar FARIN ; Pa Boffetta Paolo A ; Cc Abnet Christian C ; K Mirzaei KHADIJEH ; R Malekzadeh REZA
Authors

Source: Journal of Nutrition Published:2025


Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for a significant global cancer burden, but the link between intake of proteins from different sources and GI cancer mortality is unclear. Objectives: This study examined associations between the percentage of energy received from animal protein intake (API) and plant protein intake (PPI), and mortality from esophageal (EC), gastric (GC), colorectal (CRC), and pancreatic (PC) cancers in 42,323 participants of the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS). Methods: Using data from a baseline food frequency questionnaire, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated through Cox models, including isocaloric substitution analyses of API and PPI. Results: During 13.4 y of follow-up, 676 deaths from GI cancer occurred. We found no association between API and GI cancer mortality [HRQ5 vs Q1 = 1.023; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.626, 1.673; P for trend = 0.976], and a positive association between PPI and overall GI cancer mortality (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 2.635; 95% CI: 1.368, 5.074; P for trend = 0.005). We identified no association between API and EC mortality (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.711; 95% CI: 0.377, 1.746; P for trend = 0.058), and a positive association between PPI and EC mortality (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 5.226; 95% CI: 1.888, 14.459; P for trend = 0.001). BMI and wealth score modified some of these associations. There was no association between API or PPI and GC, CRC, or PC mortality. We observed a decreasing trend in percentage of energy received from fish protein (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.766; 95% CI: 0.585, 1.004; P for trend = 0.038) and legume protein (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.760; 95% CI: 0.588, 0.982; P for trend = 0.042) related to GI cancer mortality. In contrast, refined grains protein showed an increasing trend (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 1.472; 95% CI: 1.023, 2.117; P for trend = 0.027). Conclusions: In the GCS, with refined grains as the main source of PPI, we observed a positive association between PPI and GI cancer and EC mortality. Future studies should focus on food groups simultaneously. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Major Dietary Protein Sources in Relation to Pancreatic Cancer: A Large Prospective Study, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2016)
2. Association of Total Nut, Tree Nut, Peanut, and Peanut Butter Consumption With Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Advances in Nutrition (2021)
3. Soy Product Consumption and the Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies, Food and Function (2018)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Hossein Poustchi (6)
Reza Malekzadeh (5)
Other Related Docs
4. The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Gastric Cancer: A Case Control Study, Nutrition and Cancer (2022)
5. Association Between Dietary Fat Intake and Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Iran, Frontiers in Nutrition (2022)
6. Fish Consumption and Gastric Cancer Within the Stomach Cancer Pooling (Stop) Project, Scientific Reports (2025)
7. Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (Dash) Diet and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From the Golestan Cohort Study, International Journal of Epidemiology (2019)
8. Dietary Intake of Copper and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis Within the Stomach Cancer Pooling (Stop) Project, International Journal of Epidemiology (2024)
9. Higher Intake of Dietary Fiber, But Not Fruits or Vegetables Is Associated With Lower Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Large Prospective Study, Govaresh (2017)
10. Association Between Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer, a Case-Control Study, Frontiers in Nutrition (2022)
11. Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Gastric Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive and Updated Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies, Frontiers in Nutrition (2023)
12. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Relation to Gastric Cancer in Afghanistan, Frontiers in Nutrition (2022)
13. The Relationship Between Major Food Sources of Fructose and Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (2023)
14. The Association Between Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Large Prospective Study, Govaresh (2016)
15. The Association Between Dietary Fat Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Large Prospective Study, Govaresh (2017)
16. Dietary Acid Load and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Iran, Journal of Nutrition and Food Security (2025)
17. Dietary Fiber and Survival in Women With Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies, Nutrition and Cancer (2021)
18. Naturally Nutrient Rich (Nnr) Score and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study, BMJ Open Gastroenterology (2023)
19. Comprehensive Assessment of Nutritional Status and Nutritional-Related Complications in Newly Diagnosed Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study, Clinical Nutrition (2021)
20. Population Attributable Fraction of Dietary Risk Factors for Cancer Mortality With a Focus on Gastrointestinal Cancers in a Population Based Cohort Study, Scientific Reports (2025)