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Spatial Distribution and Potential Health Risks of Heavy Metal(Loid)S Present in Drinking Water Resources of Iran Publisher



Karimyan K1 ; Alimohammadi M1, 2, 3 ; Maleki A4 ; Yunesian M1, 5 ; Nodehi RN1, 6 ; Foroushani AR7 ; Hadi M2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Desalination and Water Treatment Published:2020


Abstract

Drinking water contaminated by heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) can pose several health risks to humans. The present study was aimed to investigate the spatial distribution as well as possible health risks associated with HMs in drinking water resources in Iran using a literature review. International and national databases searched carefully and a number of 57 articles were found to be eligible for this review. Descriptive statistics were provided for HMs and their spatial distribution and related health risks. The results of estimated hazard quotients (HQOral) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCROral) for HMs in drinking water resources revealed high risk of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects for all population groups. The maximum HQ values for subjected HMs were found by following order: As > Co > Hg > Cr > Se > Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn > Ni > Mn > Fe > Ba and the maximum ELCR values for investigated HMs were as follows: Cd > As > Ni > Cr. According to the results of this study strict measures need to be implemented at the national scale to minimize the contamination of drinking waters with toxic HMs. © 2020 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
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