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Tongue Diagnosis Models in Persian Medicine: A Delphi Study Publisher



Farahi OR1 ; Mozaffarpur SA2 ; Nazem E3 ; Ayati MH3 ; Motalebnejad M4 ; Mir SM5 ; Daneshfard B6, 7 ; Mojahedi M1, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  5. 5. Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  6. 6. Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

Source: European Journal of Integrative Medicine Published:2023


Abstract

Introduction: In Persian Medicine (PM), diagnosis of physiological characteristics and disease symptoms is achieved by clinical indices. This study aimed to present selected tongue images as the first educational model in this area of PM. Methods: In this Delphi study, tongue diagnostic indices were extracted from reliable PM sources. Twenty PM experts were interviewed regarding their clinical experience on the subject. Tongue photographs were taken, standardized and printed to the extent of data saturation. In face-to-face interviews with experts, they selected some images and described their characteristics. Images selected by at least 25% of the interviewees were allocated to reach a consensus on gathered opinions. Subsequently, images with highest agreement among experts regarding a specific diagnostic index were presented as an educational model. Results: Tongue color, thickness and color of coating, size, shape, moisture, dryness and fissures are most commonly used by PM physicians. Out of 221 standardized images in the first stage, 54 and then 13 images were selected as typical educational models. Conclusion: As the initial steps of standardization of PM diagnostic indices, selected tongue images can be used for educational and research purposes in PM diagnostics. However, future studies are need to increase the accuracy of diagnostic models. © 2022 Elsevier GmbH
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