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Monoterpenes As Nitrofurantoin Resistance Modulating Agents: Minimal Structural Requirements, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and the Effect of Piperitone on the Emergence of Nitrofurantoin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Publisher



Shahverdi AR1 ; Mirzaie S2 ; Rafii F3 ; Kakavand M1 ; Foroumadi A4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Biochemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
  3. 3. Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. FDA, Jefferson, 72079, AR, United States
  4. 4. Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran

Source: Journal of Molecular Modeling Published:2015


Abstract

The effects of different monoterpenes and 2-cyclohexen-1-one on the antibacterial activity of nitrofurantoin against resistant Enterobacter cloacae, were compared and the minimal structural component of monoterpene required for the highest level of resistance-modulating activity was determined. Subinhibitory concentrations of all compounds tested enhanced the antibacterial activity of nitrofurantoin against E. cloacae to different extents. The highest synergistic effect was observed for the monoterpenes, like piperitone, which contained a conjugated ketone and C=C bond in their carbon ring structure. Piperitone also suppressed the emergence of nitrofurantoin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae that were mutagenized by ethyl methanesulfonate. The modes of interaction of carvone, piperitone, and an enzyme inhibitor, benzoate, with nitroreductase were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation for 20 ns. MD simulation supported greater stability of the benzoate and monoterpene–nitroreductase (NR) complexes than of free NR. The results of this investigation are promising for the synthesis of more effective lead compounds to enhance the antibacterial activity of nitro drugs against resistant Enterobacter strains. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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