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Social Stigma During Covid-19: A Systematic Review Publisher



Seyedalinaghi S1 ; Afsahi AM2 ; Shahidi R3 ; Afzalian A4 ; Mirzapour P1 ; Eslami M4 ; Ahmadi S4 ; Matini P5 ; Yarmohammadi S6 ; Saeed Tamehri Zadeh S1 ; Asili P7 ; Paranjkhoo P8 ; Ramezani M9 ; Nooralioghli Parikhani S4 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Seyedalinaghi S1
  2. Afsahi AM2
  3. Shahidi R3
  4. Afzalian A4
  5. Mirzapour P1
  6. Eslami M4
  7. Ahmadi S4
  8. Matini P5
  9. Yarmohammadi S6
  10. Saeed Tamehri Zadeh S1
  11. Asili P7
  12. Paranjkhoo P8
  13. Ramezani M9
  14. Nooralioghli Parikhani S4
  15. Sanaati F10
  16. Amiri Fard I11
  17. Emamgholizade Baboli E1
  18. Mansouri S12
  19. Pashaei A1, 13
  20. Mehraeen E14
  21. Hackett D15
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
  3. 3. School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  4. 4. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
  9. 9. Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Community Health Nursing and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Management, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  13. 13. School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  14. 14. Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
  15. 15. Faculty of Medicine and Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Source: SAGE Open Medicine Published:2023


Abstract

Objectives: Stigmatization was reported throughout the COVID pandemic for COVID-19 patients and close contacts. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively examine the prevalence and impact of stigmatization during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: English articles were searched using online databases that included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to 24 August 2022. A two-step screening and selection process was followed utilizing an inclusion and exclusion criteria and then data was extracted from eligible articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was followed, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Seventy-six studies were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-two studies reported the prevalence of social stigma due to COVID-19 infection with social isolation being the most commonly reported stigma. There were 20 studies that reported the majority of participants experienced stigma due to COVID-19 infection, which was as high as 100% of participants in two studies. Participants in 16 studies reported blaming from others as the second most common type of stigma, with various other types reported such as psychological pressure, verbal violence, avoidance, and labeling. The most common effect of the stigma was anxiety followed by depression, and then reduction of socialization. Conclusion: Findings from the present review have identified that COVID-19-related stigma studies have generally focused on its prevalence, type, and outcome. Greater awareness of this topic may assist with improving public education during pandemics such as COVID-19 as well as access to support services for individuals impacted by stigmatization. © The Author(s) 2023.
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