Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study

Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study Publisher

Martinezmartinez FJ ; Chineroms A ; Furio V ; Martinez F ; Furio V ; Comas I ; Yamaoka Y ; Dekker JP ; Megraud F ; Jauvain M ; Varon C ; Lehours P ; Jehanne Q ; Benejat L Show All Authors

Martinezmartinez FJ
Chineroms A
Furio V
Martinez F
Furio V
Comas I
Yamaoka Y
Dekker JP
Megraud F
Jauvain M
Varon C
Lehours P
Jehanne Q
Benejat L
Ducournau A
Romerogallo J
Krishna U
Peek Rm JR
Piazuelo MB
Wilson KT
Loh JT
Cover TL
Vale FF
Raaf N
Aftab H
Akada J
Matsumoto T
Haesebrouck F
Bartelli TF
Nunes DN
Pelosof A
Sztokfisz CZ
Diasneto E
Assumpcao PP
Karagyozov P
Tishkov I
Goodman KJ
Geary J
Cromarty TJ
Price NL
Quilty D
Corvalan AH
Gonzalez R
Riquelme A
Garciacancino A
Parrasepulveda C
Castillo F
Bravo MM
Pazos A
Bravo LE
Fox JG
Ramirezmayorga V
Molinacastro S
Duranbermudez S
Camposnunez C
Chavescervantes M
Tshibangukabamba E
Tumba GD
Tshimpiwola A
De Jesus Ngomakisoko P
Tshibangu FM
Mukanya AC
Nkomba TK
Cruz M
Abreu JJ
Secka O
Link A
Malfertheiner P
Adinortey MB
Bockarie AS
Adinortey CA
Ofori EG
Sgouras DN
Martinezgonzalez B
Michopoulos S
Georgopoulos S
Hernandez E
Dominguez RL
Morgan DR
Harardottir H
Gunnarsdottir AI
Gujonsson H
Jonasson JG
Bjornsson ES
Ballal M
Shetty V
Miftahussurur M
Sugihartono T
Alfaray RI
Waskito LA
Fauzia KA
Syam AF
Maulahela H
Malekzadeh R
Peretz A
Azrad M
On A
De Re V
Zanussi S
Cannizzaro R
Canzonieri V
Shimura T
Tokunaga K
Osaki T
Kamiya S
Jadallah K
Matalka I
Igissin NS
Moldobaeva MS
Rakhat A
Choi IJ
Kim JG
Kim N
Leja M
Vangravs R
Skenders G
Rudule A
Kikuste I
Vanags A
Rudzite D
Kupcinskas J
Kiudeliene E
Kiudelis V
Gedgaudas R
Jonaitis P
Kiudelis G
Jonaitis L
Skieceviciene J
Vadivelu J
Loke MF
Vellasamy KM
Herreragoepfert R
Alonsolarraga JO
Yee TT
Htet K
Matsuhisa T
Shrestha PK
Ansari S
Abiodun O
Jemilohun C
Akande KO
Oluabiodun O
Magaji FA
Omotoso A
Okonkwo U
Osuagwu CC
Owoseni OO
Castaneda C
Castillo M
Velapatino B
Gilman RH
Krzyzek P
Gosciniak G
Pawelka D
Koronaglowniak I
Cichozlach H
Oleastro M
Figueiredo C
Machado JC
Ferreira RM
Bordin DS
Livzan MA
Tsukanov VV
Tan P
Yeoh KG
Zhu F
Ally R
Haas R
Fischer W
Montes M
Fernandezreyes M
Tamayo E
Lizasoain J
Bujanda L
Lario S
Ramirezlazaro MJ
Calvet X
Brunetmas E
Domperarnal MJ
Garciamateo S
Abadbaroja D
Delgadoguillena P
Moreira L
Botargues J
Perezmartinez I
Barreiroalonso E
Flores V
Gisbert JP
Muro EA
Linares P
Alcoba L
Martin V
Engstrand L
Enroth H
Keller PM
Wagner K
Pohl D
Lee YC
Liou JM
Wu MS
Kocazeybek B
Saribas S
Tasci I
Demiryas S
Kepil N
Quiel L
Villagra M
Norton M
Johnson D
Huang RJ
Hwang JH
Szymczak W
Jacobs Wr JR
In H
Bollag R
Lopez A
Kruse EJ
White J
Lane C
Gao Y
Gold BD
Cruzcorrea M
Gonzalezpons M
Rodriguez LM
Tuan VP
Quy Dung HD
Binh TT
Huyen Trang TT
Van Khien V
Katsura Y
Gonzalezhormazabal P
Tarazonasantos E
Zamudio R
Marinoramirez L
Backert S
Naumann M
Smet A
Berg DE
Yahara K
Blaser MJ
Vincze T
Morgan RD
Roberts RJ
Torres J
Torres RC
Noureen M
Cherry JL
Osada N
Fukuyo M
Arita M
Sandovalmotta S
Agostini RB
Ghirotto S
Munozramirez ZY
Falush D
Thorell K
Uchiyama I
Kobayashi I
Wang D
Hicks B
Yeager M
Hutchinson A
Teshome K
Jones K
Luo W
Goldstein AM
Hu N
Taylor PR
Song M
Yu K
Zhu B
Abnet CC
Rabkin CS
Camargo MC
Yamaoka Y
Dekker JP
Megraud F
Benejat L
Giese A
Camargo MC
Comas I
Lehours P

Source: The Lancet Microbe Published:2026

Abstract

Background Rising antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori is a public health challenge. Genomic-based susceptibility testing allows for the identification of resistance-associated mutations, complementing conventional diagnostics and advancing towards pathogen-based personalised therapies. Our study aimed to identify genes and mutations involved in antimicrobial resistance in H pylori and evaluate the extent to which these markers can be used as predictors of phenotypic resistance against clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Methods In this retrospective phenotypic and genotypic observational study, we included 1011 H pylori whole-genome sequences and strains of known geographical origin from the H pylori Genome Project (Hp GP) collection. We performed phenotypic clarithromycin and levofloxacin susceptibility testing on a subset of 419 Hp GP strains using Etest at a centralised laboratory. A genomic analysis was conducted to identify 23S rRNA and gyrA variants and build a curated catalogue of mutations associated with resistance to clarithromycin (ie, 23S rRNA 2142A→G, 2142A→C, and 2143A→G) and levofloxacin (ie, gyrA A88V or A88P, N87K or N87I, and D91G, D91N, or D91Y). Genotype–phenotype concordance was assessed to estimate sensitivity and specificity, and the curated catalogue of resistance-associated mutations was applied to the complete Hp GP set. Region-specific prevalence of resistance-associated mutations was calculated for a combined dataset including the Hp GP genomes and 768 whole-genome sequences retrieved from the US National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive repository. Associations between resistance genotypes, H pylori subpopulations, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were tested. Findings Clarithromycin-resistant and levofloxacin-resistant Hp GP strains were estimated with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, with all confidence intervals ranging from 96% to 100%. The combined analysis (n=1779) found the highest prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in the western Pacific region (173 [51·2%] of 338 in southeast Asia and 75 [29·8%] of 252 in eastern Asia), north African region (seven [38·9%] of 18), and western Asian region (12 [31·6%] of 38), whereas the highest prevalence of levofloxacin resistance was found in south Asia (14 [51·85%] of 27), Central America (48 [38·7%] of 124), eastern Europe (four [36·4%] of 11), and southern Africa (three [33·3%] of nine). Similarly, 23S rRNA and gyrA genotypes are variable across H pylori subpopulations. MIC values changed depending on the specific mutation in 23S rRNA (mean clarithromycin MIC 24·61 mg/L [95% CI 12·27–36·96] for 2143A→G and 142·25 mg/L [95% CI 77·88–206·61] for 2142A→G) and gyrA (mean levofloxacin MIC 9·66 mg/L [95% CI 6·75–12·56] for mutations on codon 91, and 27·97 mg/L [95% CI 25·82–30·11] for mutations on codon 87). Interpretation Mutations in specific genes are reliable indicators to clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance in H pylori , making them useful markers for the development of diagnostic assays and molecular monitoring. Our results suggest that using clarithromycin and levofloxacin empirically, without previous susceptibility testing, is unsuitable in all geographical regions covered by this study. Funding Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute, the European Research Council, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. © 2025 The Author(s).

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Martinezmartinez FJ, et al.. "Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study." The Lancet Microbe, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026, pp. -.
APA	Martinezmartinez FJ, Chineroms A, Furio V, Martinez F, Furio V, Comas I, Yamaoka Y, Dekker JP, Megraud F, Jauvain M, Varon C, Lehours P, Jehanne Q, Benejat L, Ducournau A, Romerogallo J, Krishna U, Peek Rm JR, Piazuelo MB, ... Lehours P (2026). Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study. The Lancet Microbe, 7(1), -.
Chicago	Martinezmartinez FJ, Chineroms A, Furio V, Martinez F, Furio V, Comas I, Yamaoka Y, et al.. "Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study." The Lancet Microbe 7, no. 1 (2026): -.
Harvard	Martinezmartinez FJ et al. (2026) 'Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study', The Lancet Microbe, 7(1), pp. -.
Vancouver	Martinezmartinez FJ, Chineroms A, Furio V, Martinez F, Furio V, Comas I, et al.. Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study. The Lancet Microbe. 2026;7(1):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Martinezmartinez FJ and Chineroms A and Furio V and Martinez F and Furio V and Comas I and Yamaoka Y and Dekker JP and Megraud F and Jauvain M and Varon C and Lehours P and Jehanne Q and Benejat L and Ducournau A and Romerogallo J and Krishna U and Peek Rm JR and Piazuelo MB and Wilson KT and Loh JT and Cover TL and Vale FF and Raaf N and Aftab H and Akada J and Matsumoto T and Haesebrouck F and Bartelli TF and Nunes DN and Pelosof A and Sztokfisz CZ and Diasneto E and Assumpcao PP and Karagyozov P and Tishkov I and Goodman KJ and Geary J and Cromarty TJ and Price NL and Quilty D and Corvalan AH and Gonzalez R and Riquelme A and Garciacancino A and Parrasepulveda C and Castillo F and Bravo MM and Pazos A and Bravo LE and Fox JG and Ramirezmayorga V and Molinacastro S and Duranbermudez S and Camposnunez C and Chavescervantes M and Tshibangukabamba E and Tumba GD and Tshimpiwola A and De Jesus Ngomakisoko P and Tshibangu FM and Mukanya AC and Nkomba TK and Cruz M and Abreu JJ and Secka O and Link A and Malfertheiner P and Adinortey MB and Bockarie AS and Adinortey CA and Ofori EG and Sgouras DN and Martinezgonzalez B and Michopoulos S and Georgopoulos S and Hernandez E and Dominguez RL and Morgan DR and Harardottir H and Gunnarsdottir AI and Gujonsson H and Jonasson JG and Bjornsson ES and Ballal M and Shetty V and Miftahussurur M and Sugihartono T and Alfaray RI and Waskito LA and Fauzia KA and Syam AF and Maulahela H and Malekzadeh R and Peretz A and Azrad M and On A and De Re V and Zanussi S and Cannizzaro R and Canzonieri V and Shimura T and Tokunaga K and Osaki T and Kamiya S and Jadallah K and Matalka I and Igissin NS and Moldobaeva MS and Rakhat A and Choi IJ and Kim JG and Kim N and Leja M and Vangravs R and Skenders G and Rudule A and Kikuste I and Vanags A and Rudzite D and Kupcinskas J and Kiudeliene E and Kiudelis V and Gedgaudas R and Jonaitis P and Kiudelis G and Jonaitis L and Skieceviciene J and Vadivelu J and Loke MF and Vellasamy KM and Herreragoepfert R and Alonsolarraga JO and Yee TT and Htet K and Matsuhisa T and Shrestha PK and Ansari S and Abiodun O and Jemilohun C and Akande KO and Oluabiodun O and Magaji FA and Omotoso A and Okonkwo U and Osuagwu CC and Owoseni OO and Castaneda C and Castillo M and Velapatino B and Gilman RH and Krzyzek P and Gosciniak G and Pawelka D and Koronaglowniak I and Cichozlach H and Oleastro M and Figueiredo C and Machado JC and Ferreira RM and Bordin DS and Livzan MA and Tsukanov VV and Tan P and Yeoh KG and Zhu F and Ally R and Haas R and Fischer W and Montes M and Fernandezreyes M and Tamayo E and Lizasoain J and Bujanda L and Lario S and Ramirezlazaro MJ and Calvet X and Brunetmas E and Domperarnal MJ and Garciamateo S and Abadbaroja D and Delgadoguillena P and Moreira L and Botargues J and Perezmartinez I and Barreiroalonso E and Flores V and Gisbert JP and Muro EA and Linares P and Alcoba L and Martin V and Engstrand L and Enroth H and Keller PM and Wagner K and Pohl D and Lee YC and Liou JM and Wu MS and Kocazeybek B and Saribas S and Tasci I and Demiryas S and Kepil N and Quiel L and Villagra M and Norton M and Johnson D and Huang RJ and Hwang JH and Szymczak W and Jacobs Wr JR and In H and Bollag R and Lopez A and Kruse EJ and White J and Lane C and Gao Y and Gold BD and Cruzcorrea M and Gonzalezpons M and Rodriguez LM and Tuan VP and Quy Dung HD and Binh TT and Huyen Trang TT and Van Khien V and Katsura Y and Gonzalezhormazabal P and Tarazonasantos E and Zamudio R and Marinoramirez L and Backert S and Naumann M and Smet A and Berg DE and Yahara K and Blaser MJ and Vincze T and Morgan RD and Roberts RJ and Torres J and Torres RC and Noureen M and Cherry JL and Osada N and Fukuyo M and Arita M and Sandovalmotta S and Agostini RB and Ghirotto S and Munozramirez ZY and Falush D and Thorell K and Uchiyama I and Kobayashi I and Wang D and Hicks B and Yeager M and Hutchinson A and Teshome K and Jones K and Luo W and Goldstein AM and Hu N and Taylor PR and Song M and Yu K and Zhu B and Abnet CC and Rabkin CS and Camargo MC and Yamaoka Y and Dekker JP and Megraud F and Benejat L and Giese A and Camargo MC and Comas I and Lehours P}, title = {Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study}, journal = {The Lancet Microbe}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2026} }
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Style

Citing Format

MLA

Martinezmartinez FJ, et al.. "Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study." The Lancet Microbe, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026, pp. -.

APA

Martinezmartinez FJ, Chineroms A, Furio V, Martinez F, Furio V, Comas I, Yamaoka Y, Dekker JP, Megraud F, Jauvain M, Varon C, Lehours P, Jehanne Q, Benejat L, Ducournau A, Romerogallo J, Krishna U, Peek Rm JR, Piazuelo MB, ... Lehours P (2026). Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study. The Lancet Microbe, 7(1), -.

Chicago

Martinezmartinez FJ, Chineroms A, Furio V, Martinez F, Furio V, Comas I, Yamaoka Y, et al.. "Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study." The Lancet Microbe 7, no. 1 (2026): -.

Harvard

Martinezmartinez FJ et al. (2026) 'Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study', The Lancet Microbe, 7(1), pp. -.

Vancouver

Martinezmartinez FJ, Chineroms A, Furio V, Martinez F, Furio V, Comas I, et al.. Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study. The Lancet Microbe. 2026;7(1):-.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Martinezmartinez FJ and Chineroms A and Furio V and Martinez F and Furio V and Comas I and Yamaoka Y and Dekker JP and Megraud F and Jauvain M and Varon C and Lehours P and Jehanne Q and Benejat L and Ducournau A and Romerogallo J and Krishna U and Peek Rm JR and Piazuelo MB and Wilson KT and Loh JT and Cover TL and Vale FF and Raaf N and Aftab H and Akada J and Matsumoto T and Haesebrouck F and Bartelli TF and Nunes DN and Pelosof A and Sztokfisz CZ and Diasneto E and Assumpcao PP and Karagyozov P and Tishkov I and Goodman KJ and Geary J and Cromarty TJ and Price NL and Quilty D and Corvalan AH and Gonzalez R and Riquelme A and Garciacancino A and Parrasepulveda C and Castillo F and Bravo MM and Pazos A and Bravo LE and Fox JG and Ramirezmayorga V and Molinacastro S and Duranbermudez S and Camposnunez C and Chavescervantes M and Tshibangukabamba E and Tumba GD and Tshimpiwola A and De Jesus Ngomakisoko P and Tshibangu FM and Mukanya AC and Nkomba TK and Cruz M and Abreu JJ and Secka O and Link A and Malfertheiner P and Adinortey MB and Bockarie AS and Adinortey CA and Ofori EG and Sgouras DN and Martinezgonzalez B and Michopoulos S and Georgopoulos S and Hernandez E and Dominguez RL and Morgan DR and Harardottir H and Gunnarsdottir AI and Gujonsson H and Jonasson JG and Bjornsson ES and Ballal M and Shetty V and Miftahussurur M and Sugihartono T and Alfaray RI and Waskito LA and Fauzia KA and Syam AF and Maulahela H and Malekzadeh R and Peretz A and Azrad M and On A and De Re V and Zanussi S and Cannizzaro R and Canzonieri V and Shimura T and Tokunaga K and Osaki T and Kamiya S and Jadallah K and Matalka I and Igissin NS and Moldobaeva MS and Rakhat A and Choi IJ and Kim JG and Kim N and Leja M and Vangravs R and Skenders G and Rudule A and Kikuste I and Vanags A and Rudzite D and Kupcinskas J and Kiudeliene E and Kiudelis V and Gedgaudas R and Jonaitis P and Kiudelis G and Jonaitis L and Skieceviciene J and Vadivelu J and Loke MF and Vellasamy KM and Herreragoepfert R and Alonsolarraga JO and Yee TT and Htet K and Matsuhisa T and Shrestha PK and Ansari S and Abiodun O and Jemilohun C and Akande KO and Oluabiodun O and Magaji FA and Omotoso A and Okonkwo U and Osuagwu CC and Owoseni OO and Castaneda C and Castillo M and Velapatino B and Gilman RH and Krzyzek P and Gosciniak G and Pawelka D and Koronaglowniak I and Cichozlach H and Oleastro M and Figueiredo C and Machado JC and Ferreira RM and Bordin DS and Livzan MA and Tsukanov VV and Tan P and Yeoh KG and Zhu F and Ally R and Haas R and Fischer W and Montes M and Fernandezreyes M and Tamayo E and Lizasoain J and Bujanda L and Lario S and Ramirezlazaro MJ and Calvet X and Brunetmas E and Domperarnal MJ and Garciamateo S and Abadbaroja D and Delgadoguillena P and Moreira L and Botargues J and Perezmartinez I and Barreiroalonso E and Flores V and Gisbert JP and Muro EA and Linares P and Alcoba L and Martin V and Engstrand L and Enroth H and Keller PM and Wagner K and Pohl D and Lee YC and Liou JM and Wu MS and Kocazeybek B and Saribas S and Tasci I and Demiryas S and Kepil N and Quiel L and Villagra M and Norton M and Johnson D and Huang RJ and Hwang JH and Szymczak W and Jacobs Wr JR and In H and Bollag R and Lopez A and Kruse EJ and White J and Lane C and Gao Y and Gold BD and Cruzcorrea M and Gonzalezpons M and Rodriguez LM and Tuan VP and Quy Dung HD and Binh TT and Huyen Trang TT and Van Khien V and Katsura Y and Gonzalezhormazabal P and Tarazonasantos E and Zamudio R and Marinoramirez L and Backert S and Naumann M and Smet A and Berg DE and Yahara K and Blaser MJ and Vincze T and Morgan RD and Roberts RJ and Torres J and Torres RC and Noureen M and Cherry JL and Osada N and Fukuyo M and Arita M and Sandovalmotta S and Agostini RB and Ghirotto S and Munozramirez ZY and Falush D and Thorell K and Uchiyama I and Kobayashi I and Wang D and Hicks B and Yeager M and Hutchinson A and Teshome K and Jones K and Luo W and Goldstein AM and Hu N and Taylor PR and Song M and Yu K and Zhu B and Abnet CC and Rabkin CS and Camargo MC and Yamaoka Y and Dekker JP and Megraud F and Benejat L and Giese A and Camargo MC and Comas I and Lehours P}, title = {Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study}, journal = {The Lancet Microbe}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2026} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Martinezmartinez FJ
AU - Chineroms A
AU - Furio V
AU - Martinez F
AU - Furio V
AU - Comas I
AU - Yamaoka Y
AU - Dekker JP
AU - Megraud F
AU - Jauvain M
AU - Varon C
AU - Lehours P
AU - Jehanne Q
AU - Benejat L
AU - Ducournau A
AU - Romerogallo J
AU - Krishna U
AU - Peek Rm JR
AU - Piazuelo MB
AU - Wilson KT
AU - Loh JT
AU - Cover TL
AU - Vale FF
AU - Raaf N
AU - Aftab H
AU - Akada J
AU - Matsumoto T
AU - Haesebrouck F
AU - Bartelli TF
AU - Nunes DN
AU - Pelosof A
AU - Sztokfisz CZ
AU - Diasneto E
AU - Assumpcao PP
AU - Karagyozov P
AU - Tishkov I
AU - Goodman KJ
AU - Geary J
AU - Cromarty TJ
AU - Price NL
AU - Quilty D
AU - Corvalan AH
AU - Gonzalez R
AU - Riquelme A
AU - Garciacancino A
AU - Parrasepulveda C
AU - Castillo F
AU - Bravo MM
AU - Pazos A
AU - Bravo LE
AU - Fox JG
AU - Ramirezmayorga V
AU - Molinacastro S
AU - Duranbermudez S
AU - Camposnunez C
AU - Chavescervantes M
AU - Tshibangukabamba E
AU - Tumba GD
AU - Tshimpiwola A
AU - De Jesus Ngomakisoko P
AU - Tshibangu FM
AU - Mukanya AC
AU - Nkomba TK
AU - Cruz M
AU - Abreu JJ
AU - Secka O
AU - Link A
AU - Malfertheiner P
AU - Adinortey MB
AU - Bockarie AS
AU - Adinortey CA
AU - Ofori EG
AU - Sgouras DN
AU - Martinezgonzalez B
AU - Michopoulos S
AU - Georgopoulos S
AU - Hernandez E
AU - Dominguez RL
AU - Morgan DR
AU - Harardottir H
AU - Gunnarsdottir AI
AU - Gujonsson H
AU - Jonasson JG
AU - Bjornsson ES
AU - Ballal M
AU - Shetty V
AU - Miftahussurur M
AU - Sugihartono T
AU - Alfaray RI
AU - Waskito LA
AU - Fauzia KA
AU - Syam AF
AU - Maulahela H
AU - Malekzadeh R
AU - Peretz A
AU - Azrad M
AU - On A
AU - De Re V
AU - Zanussi S
AU - Cannizzaro R
AU - Canzonieri V
AU - Shimura T
AU - Tokunaga K
AU - Osaki T
AU - Kamiya S
AU - Jadallah K
AU - Matalka I
AU - Igissin NS
AU - Moldobaeva MS
AU - Rakhat A
AU - Choi IJ
AU - Kim JG
AU - Kim N
AU - Leja M
AU - Vangravs R
AU - Skenders G
AU - Rudule A
AU - Kikuste I
AU - Vanags A
AU - Rudzite D
AU - Kupcinskas J
AU - Kiudeliene E
AU - Kiudelis V
AU - Gedgaudas R
AU - Jonaitis P
AU - Kiudelis G
AU - Jonaitis L
AU - Skieceviciene J
AU - Vadivelu J
AU - Loke MF
AU - Vellasamy KM
AU - Herreragoepfert R
AU - Alonsolarraga JO
AU - Yee TT
AU - Htet K
AU - Matsuhisa T
AU - Shrestha PK
AU - Ansari S
AU - Abiodun O
AU - Jemilohun C
AU - Akande KO
AU - Oluabiodun O
AU - Magaji FA
AU - Omotoso A
AU - Okonkwo U
AU - Osuagwu CC
AU - Owoseni OO
AU - Castaneda C
AU - Castillo M
AU - Velapatino B
AU - Gilman RH
AU - Krzyzek P
AU - Gosciniak G
AU - Pawelka D
AU - Koronaglowniak I
AU - Cichozlach H
AU - Oleastro M
AU - Figueiredo C
AU - Machado JC
AU - Ferreira RM
AU - Bordin DS
AU - Livzan MA
AU - Tsukanov VV
AU - Tan P
AU - Yeoh KG
AU - Zhu F
AU - Ally R
AU - Haas R
AU - Fischer W
AU - Montes M
AU - Fernandezreyes M
AU - Tamayo E
AU - Lizasoain J
AU - Bujanda L
AU - Lario S
AU - Ramirezlazaro MJ
AU - Calvet X
AU - Brunetmas E
AU - Domperarnal MJ
AU - Garciamateo S
AU - Abadbaroja D
AU - Delgadoguillena P
AU - Moreira L
AU - Botargues J
AU - Perezmartinez I
AU - Barreiroalonso E
AU - Flores V
AU - Gisbert JP
AU - Muro EA
AU - Linares P
AU - Alcoba L
AU - Martin V
AU - Engstrand L
AU - Enroth H
AU - Keller PM
AU - Wagner K
AU - Pohl D
AU - Lee YC
AU - Liou JM
AU - Wu MS
AU - Kocazeybek B
AU - Saribas S
AU - Tasci I
AU - Demiryas S
AU - Kepil N
AU - Quiel L
AU - Villagra M
AU - Norton M
AU - Johnson D
AU - Huang RJ
AU - Hwang JH
AU - Szymczak W
AU - Jacobs Wr JR
AU - In H
AU - Bollag R
AU - Lopez A
AU - Kruse EJ
AU - White J
AU - Lane C
AU - Gao Y
AU - Gold BD
AU - Cruzcorrea M
AU - Gonzalezpons M
AU - Rodriguez LM
AU - Tuan VP
AU - Quy Dung HD
AU - Binh TT
AU - Huyen Trang TT
AU - Van Khien V
AU - Katsura Y
AU - Gonzalezhormazabal P
AU - Tarazonasantos E
AU - Zamudio R
AU - Marinoramirez L
AU - Backert S
AU - Naumann M
AU - Smet A
AU - Berg DE
AU - Yahara K
AU - Blaser MJ
AU - Vincze T
AU - Morgan RD
AU - Roberts RJ
AU - Torres J
AU - Torres RC
AU - Noureen M
AU - Cherry JL
AU - Osada N
AU - Fukuyo M
AU - Arita M
AU - Sandovalmotta S
AU - Agostini RB
AU - Ghirotto S
AU - Munozramirez ZY
AU - Falush D
AU - Thorell K
AU - Uchiyama I
AU - Kobayashi I
AU - Wang D
AU - Hicks B
AU - Yeager M
AU - Hutchinson A
AU - Teshome K
AU - Jones K
AU - Luo W
AU - Goldstein AM
AU - Hu N
AU - Taylor PR
AU - Song M
AU - Yu K
AU - Zhu B
AU - Abnet CC
AU - Rabkin CS
AU - Camargo MC
AU - Yamaoka Y
AU - Dekker JP
AU - Megraud F
AU - Benejat L
AU - Giese A
AU - Camargo MC
AU - Comas I
AU - Lehours P
TI - Genomic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Retrospective Phenotypic and Genotypic Observational Study
JO - The Lancet Microbe
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP -
EP -
PY - 2026
ER -

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